Communication as a central phenomenon of contemporary anthropological concepts

The paper analyses anthropological concepts, developed in Russian philosophy and psychology at the turn of the 21st century, to reveal a phenomenon which is invariant to these concepts. The analysis is focused on two contemporary anthropological concepts - the syner-getic anthropology, developed by Sergey S. Horujy, and the evolutionary-historical psychology, developed by Akop P. Nazaretyan. These concepts were chosen because they, in our opinion, are at the extreme poles of «methodological continuum», which can be conditionally described as religious-philosophical and natural-scientific poles respectively. The review of basic provisions of the synergetic anthropology, developed by Horujy, showed that the main principle of this concept is the principle of anthropological opening. It describes human as an anthropological border, arising between human and his Other. Thus, based on the analysis, we conclude that the phenomenon of communication (expressed in the principle of anthropological opening) can be considered as a central phenomenon in this concept. Further, analyzing the concept of evolutionary-historical psychology, developed by Naza-retyan, we come to the same conclusion. According to Nazaretyan, the humanity is an open self-organizing system, it develops by interacting with the environment and creating a new reality, which is the culture. This new reality is an environment for the human and, at the same time, it is the part of the human. We propose to consider this process as communication (in a broad sense) between the human and his environment. Refer to others anthropological concepts in contemporary Russian psychology, we can see that the phenomenon of communication is essential for these concepts. The conclusion is that despite all the differences between anthropological concepts, they share the idea of communication as a key anthropological phenomenon. It is noted that communicative processes are specified as central in the psychological and anthropological theories and approaches.

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