Summary.pdf Vladimir Tsaranov. Moldavian State: a Curved Path of Development. Formulated in the middle of the 14th century, Moldavia lost its independence in the 19th century although the memory of it remained with the people. On Dec. 2, 1917 a Moldavian Democratic Republic was proclaimed. Unable to establish and strengthen itself, it was occupied by Romania in 1918 and dissolved. The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established in 1924 on the left bank of the Dniester as part of the Ukrainian SSR. On June 28, 1940 the Moldavian people were peacefully united and the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, as part of the USSR, was formed. Its development, the help of the government of the USSR, and the work of the people provided for a formerly unheard of progress, a good quality of life for the population of MSSR. In August 1991 an independent Moldova was proclaimed.Sergei Suleak. Protest of the Moldovans against unity with Wallachia (about the events which occurred on April 3, 1866 in the city of Yassy). The period of unification of the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia into a single state unfortunately has not been reflected in historiography. During that time a part of the Moldavian Principality - Bukovina - was joined to Austria (1774) and the territory between the Pruth and Dniester, given the name Bessarabia, entered into the Russian Empire (1812). A significant part of the population of Moldavia beyond the Pruth protested against unity into a single state with Wallachia. On April 3, 1866 a peaceful demonstration of the inhabitants of Yassy, lead by Kalnik Miklesku was fired upon by a Wallachian regiment. Despite this, protest against unification continued.Sergei Petrov. The Boundaries of Russian Civilization at the beginning of the 21th Century. The fluidity of the boundaries of Russian civilization during the last 20 years is a typical picture of disintegrating empires. Several 'grey areas', which we could earlier relate to the spheres of influence of Russia, more definitely tie themselves with the West (Western Ukraine, although ecclesiastically belonging to the Moscow Patriarchate; Orthodox Moldova; Georgia…). On the other hand, the obvious process of the manipulative weakening of Russia is finished, which means that in the future such a quick shifting of the boundaries of civilization will not be noticed. A serious influence on the course of history, it is true, may be caused by ethnic processes, however they may manifest themselves only after 2 to 3 decades. The territories of Russian civilization may be conditionally broken into several groups: territories with an orientation exclusively with Russia (Crimea, Pridnestovye, and Southern Ossetia), stable territories (Belarus and Eastern Ukraine), territories of Russian civilization for which the problem of self-identification is a priority (Abkhasia and the Carpathian region of the Ukraine).Archpriest Dimitrii Sidor. Sub-Carpathian Rus' - the fruit of the state-evolving Rusin Nation. The Subcarpathian Rusins formulated as an ethnos while within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In December 1918 Sub-Carpathian Rus', located within Hungary, received autonomy. In 1919 this territory, called Subcarpathian Rus', joined Czechoslovakia, becoming a third section of the federation. Having occupied Subcarpathia in March 1939, Hungary preserved the autonomy of given territory. In November 1944 autonomous Subcarpathian Rus' became a typical region of the Ukr. Soviet Socialist republic, the Transcarpathian Oblast. Despite the results of the referendum of 1991, official Kiev does not wish to grant the region autonomy. The Ukr. authorities refuse the Rusins the right to maintain their ethnicity.Aleksandr Maiorov. From the History of Russo-Byzantine Dynasty Relations: the Daughter of Emperor Isaac II in Galician-Volynian Rus'. In literature a significant development has arisen concerning the version of the Byzantine ancestry of Roman Mstislavich's second wife. At one time, N. A. Baumgarten put forth an idea that the future wife of Roman and the mother of his sons Daniil and Vasilko should be researched among the daughters of the first marriage of the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II, that is prior to his coming to authority. However, the historian later rejected the idea, apparently not having found among the daughters the suitable candidate. New findings similarly allow for the assumption that for 4 centuries the fate of the Byzantine monastic, the Empress Evfrosinia, the daughter of Constantine VI and the wife of Michael II, surprisingly was that of the daughter of Emperor Isaac II, who was also named Evfrosinia. Having been placed in childhood in a monastery by her father, after several years she returned to civil life to become the wife of the Galician-Volynian Prince Roman Mstislavich, the chief military ally of the new Emperor Alexis III. After several years, Evfrosinia again returned to monastic life, having being widowed after the loss of Roman.Denis Alimov. On the Ethno-political Situation in the Upper Tisza Region in the IX Century: the Carpathian Rusin «Place of Development» and Post-Avar Area. The paper deals with the problem of the ethno-political situation in the Upper Tisza region which includes the territory of historical Subcarpathian Rus' (the present-day Transcarpathian Ukraine) in the IX century, after the fall of the Avar Kaganate and before the arrival of the Hungarians. The problem is examined in the broader context of the ethno-political situation in the eastern part of the post-Avar area. The conclusion is made that notwithstanding the emergence of new policies there were no stable ethno-political communities in this area before the arrival of the Hungarians. It is also relevant that this is the territory where the ethnic group of the Carpathian Rusins was later formed.Sergei Suleak. The Rusin and Ukrainian Questions on the Eve of WWI. On the eve of WWI, at the beginning of 1914, occurred events which may be viewed in the light of the confrontation of 2 projects: the creation of a great Russian nation and the Ukrainian, which excludes a common Russian identity. On the one hand, the Second Maramarosh-Sighet and L'vovian Trials, the search of the editorial office of the newspaper 'Russian Truth' in Czernowitz and the arrest of the publisher and editor (Austria-Hungary) and the events, which took place in Russia on the 100th anniversary of the birth of Shevchenko, a celebration used in anti-government demonstrations, on the other. In 1914 the words of the Deputy of the Russian State Duma A. I. Savchenko, were prophetic: 'if a wedge is driven into the same body of the Russian people, then it will split it into two parts and throw one against the other, so that in the end a terrible occurance will occur and there will be a real threat to the integrity of the Empire'. In 1997 this thought with regard to the Ukraine was expressed by the well known American political scientist Z. Brzezinski in his 'The Great Chessboard': 'the renunciation of the nearly 300-year old Russian imperialistic history would signify the potential loss of the large industrial and agricultural economy and 52 million people who are ethnically and spiritually tied closely and largely to the Great Russians and who are capable of transforming Russia in actuality into a strong and confident imperial state'.Andrei Marchukov. The Russian Question, Russian Patriotism and the Ukraine. The history of the national development of the Subcarpathian Rusins and also the Rusin movement in Galicia, Bukovina and Subcarpathia has a large scholarly as well as practical interest and importance. It is well known how Ukrainian historiography strives to distort and silence the given subjects and from that point of view - in contrast to that ideology - it is necessary to raise and discuss the given themes. Today the Western Ukrainian region (mainly Galicia and Western Volynia) are lost to the Russian world. Ukrainian identity (in a very radical form) has completely established itself on a massive level. The common Russian, pro-Russian and even Soviet-Ukrainian consciousness in the Ukraine is in a state of self defence. Meanwhile Ukrainian nationalism is actively on the offensive with state support. The solution of the Ukrainian and Rusin questions is not in the Ukraine but in Russia. The breaking of the politics of national nihilism with regard to the Russian people in Russia, the rejection of the view of the Russian people as the source of human resources and nondescript 'cement' is only needed so that once having opened into 'Russianism', will unite the other peoples of the Russian Federation automatically and change the situation in the Ukraine.Zoran Miloshevich. Rusins in Serbia. Concerning the Study of Rusin Politics in Serbia. During the existence of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy both Rusins and Serbs belonged to the same church - to the Serbian Orthodox. After 1948 Rusins returned into the structure of the Russian Orthodox Church. Meanwhile, the tie between the Rusins of Transcarpathia and the Rusins of Serbian Voivodina was disrupted because of political reasons - the remainder of the uniatized Rusins in Serbia was torn from the main masse of their Orthodox brothers. The Vatican, having lost its position in Galicia, strived to move the center for its proliferation from Galicia to Serbian Voivodina. The Rusins of Serbian Voivodina are an instrument by which not only Catholic proselytism but the propagating of the idea of European integration and the stepping into the NATO block are becoming a reality. Thus, during the Serbian elections the majority of Rusins voted for pro-European parties, wishing to push through a new law according to which the deputies, nominated from the minorities, would dominate the right to veto in the region of Voivodina.Iurii Danilets. Concerning the History of the Orthodox Church in Transcarpathia. The process of the development of the Orthodox Church in Transcarpathia is studied in the article. The role of the Orthodox hierarchs in the educational work among the population is shown. In the second part of the article are two documents which are published for the first time. The first is from 1912 - it is the epistle of the uniat bishop Anthony Papp about the disruption of the Orthodox movement. The second introduces the readers to 1941 and the idea of the creation of educational institutions in Debrecen for the Orthodox population.Vasilii Mishchanin. New Documents about Collectivization in Transcarpathia in 1946 - 1950. Collectivization in Transcarpathia went through several periods. The first 1944 - 1945 was the basic reform, 1946 - 1950 was direct collectivization. In Transcarpathia there arose only two collective farms in 1946 but by April 1950 there were 546. The characteristics of the period are given in the article and important documents of the period of collectivization are published.Ivan Bachynski. Enlightners of the Perechin Region. Among the population of the Perechin region of the Transcarpathian Oblast were no small number of known enlighteners and activists in the XVIII to the beginning of the XX centuries. Among them were Ivan Pastelii, Ivan Churhovich, Alexander Sholtis, Ivan Silvai, Sion Silvai, Alexander Mitrak, Evgenii Fentsik. They contributed a significant contribution into the spiritual, educational, and socio-economic development of Hungarian Rus'.* Annotations of the material published in the rubrics «History of the Rusins», «Subcarpathian Rus' and Russian Civilization» and «Famous Rusins».

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