Black and Chervona (Red) Rus during the Mongol campaigns

In this article, the authors have set themselves the task of answering the question of a possible opposition of Rusins and other ethinc groups to the Mongol onslaught in the 18th century. The Mongols could not capture a number of cities of Black and Red Rus. Daniel of Galicia and his brother Vasilko Romanovich could organize an effective resistance to the Mongols. Moreover, in 1241, they managed to oust the Mongol administration from the Bolokhov land. Opposing to some historians, the authors argue that the Galicia-Volhynia Principality did not submit to the Mongols, and its rulers never took the annually collected taxes to the Mongols. In their relations with the Mongols, Daniel Romanovich and his sons agreed on the border issues and their protection from the claims of Lithuania and Poland, which was possible due to the inclusion of Black and Red Rus in the anti-Mongolian Catholic coalition. Pope Innocent IV's patronage allowed Rusins to resist the Mongols and maintain independence throughout the 13th - 15th centuries. The Vladimir-Suzdal Principality surrendered to the Mongols and admitted the Mongol administrators - baskaki and darugachi - to their land. The family of Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich split on the question of fight against the Mongols and spiritual compromise. Alexander Nevsky, who belived it would be better to surrender, was opposed by his brother Andrei Yaroslavovich, uncle Yaroslav Yaroslavovich, his son Andrei Alexandrovich and others. Daniel Romanovich and his sons took the Royal title to spread Catholicism both in their lands and in the Principality of Lithuania. Vladimir princes who supported the Catholic party concluded a political and matrimonial alliance with King Daniel Romanovich. This “Russian king” started negotiations on the the Uniate Greek Catholic Church in the region, which ended with the Brest and Florentine Treaties after his death.

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