The phenomenon of temperance movement in Bukovina and Khotyn District of Bessarabia Province in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries: Euro-Atlantic, Rusin, and Russian models

The article outlines the historical experience of the temperance movement development in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries in Bukovina, which at that time was part of the Habsburg monarchy as the Duchy of Bukovina with the status of the crown land, and in Khotyn District of Bessarabia Province of the Russian Empire. The historiography of the problem under study is fragmentary reflected in socio-political, historical-ethnographic, and ethno-demographic writings. The authors have identified three main groups of prerequisites and factors determining the temperance movement in Bukovina and Hotynshchyna: the ethno-social structure and socio-economic situation of the population; the traditional everyday culture of the Rusins; the alcohol policy of the state; high level of drunkenness, etc. The article carries out a comprehensive comparative analysis to describe three organizational and ideological models of the temperance movement development. The first - Euro-Atlantic - manifested itself in various forms and activities of temperance associations and societies in the United States and European countries. The second - Rusin (Galician-Bukovinian) - manifested itself in the activities of the temperance associations and societies in the Duchy of Bukovina, which organized oaths of sobriety, “farewell to vodka”, “crosses of sobriety”, gt.} alcohol-free weddings and other family and social celebrations. The activity of the “apostles of sobriety”, the press and other public institutions is shown. The third - Russian - model related to the guardinaship for people's sobriety in Khotyn region, which opened tea-reading rooms and libraries and carried out educational work.

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