The infrastructure of Soviet oncology: between archaic and modernity
Western oncology took shape in the early 1980s. The convention in the form of the molecular paradigm of cancer has been established, a high-tech system of diagnostics and treatment has been formed. However, in relation to Soviet oncology, there was nothing like this: until the collapse of the USSR, the conservative polyetiological theory remained the main paradigm, and the main emphasis was placed on a universal system of cancer prevention. How can this difference be explained? Joan Fujimura believes that the gain by the oncogene theory should be explained by two factors. First, it is the theory itself, which is the product of the successful translation of various theoretical languages. The second is the new capabilities of the infrastructure, which could meet the high demands of the new theory. At the same time, the infrastructure determined the development of all oncology for many decades to come. The infrastructure created the codependency of ideas and matter. After revising this theoretical logic, I analyzed the epistemological program of Soviet oncology and its institutionalization process, including the professional careers of Soviet oncologists. The article contains the following statement. The Soviet oncological system was strongly influenced by dialectical materialism, which shaped the understanding of the cause of the disease, methods and tools of treatment. This allowed for the active development of Soviet oncology already in the 1920s-1930s. For several decades, a unique three-part infrastructure (prevention, diagnosis, propaganda) has been created, which has no analogues in the world. At the same time, just like Western oncology, which fell into the trap of infrastructures, Soviet oncology is similarly bogged down in its material substrate. In this focus, Soviet oncology followed the path of many modernist projects in the USSR: starting as the vanguard of world oncology, already in the 1970s it became lagging and archaic.
Keywords
infrastructure,
Soviet oncology,
cancer,
alternative modernity,
cancer treatment in the USSR,
Soviet medicineAuthors
| Mokhov Sergey V. | Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences | svmohov.hse@gmail.com |
Всего: 1
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