The grammatical expression of modal meaning of desire in the Tuvan language

The article analyzes the semantics of the finite verbal forms =ksa, =sa in the Tuvan language. These forms represent two types of grammatical expressions of modality of desire: the real desire of the subject (form =ksa); the unreal (irreal) desire of the speaker (form =sa). The first form expresses the meaning of desire associated with physiological, psychological or social needs of the subject, being experienced currently or having been experienced at some point in the past. The second shows the desire of the speaker which is future-oriented and not intended for implementation. The considered finite forms are characterized by the regularity of grammatical modal expressions of these values, the total coverage of the verbal lexicon, the active use in speech and language. They are proposed to be a special mood: the optative (=ksa), optative-subjunctive (=sa).

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