On compiling the corpora of bilingual dictionaries

The paper analyzes the issues related to the lexicographic description of typologically different languages: especially, Russian and the Tungusic languages. It is the need for compiling the corpora for dictionaries including National indigenous language - Russian and Russian - National indigenous language that is substantiated. While carrying out the complete word sampling, the author considers the parameters which are regulating the inventory of lexical units entered into the dictionaries of both types and the character of the preferable text materials chosen as illustrations of the semantic component and functional-grammatical characteristics. The inventory structure determines the dictionary volume scope. The strategies of structuring a vocabulary entry, selecting a correlative basic form as an entry headword, are proposed. For example, in the Tungusic languages, the primary stem is presented as a basic form which can not be used as a lexical unit without temporal and person-number marking etc. The difficulties arising in lexicographic processing of the materials of typologically different languages are caused by the unavailability of detailed grammatical descriptions of most Tungusic languages, the vagueness of the issues concerning the number of parts of speech, the form of presenting an entry head word etc., on the one hand, and the availability of parts of speech and grammatical categories in the Tungusic languages corresponding to no adequate Russian equivalents, on the other, and conversely (e. g. the availability of the noun category of possession (direct and indirect possession), the lack of the aspect category of the primary stem, the lack of the noun gender category, etc. The necessity of applying universal criteria for identifying the part-of-speech inventory in typologically different languages, which will allow for maximally equivalent correlation of lexemes as grammatical units, is validated. The strategy of maximum authentic correlation of the lexical and grammatical component of the language unit in typologically different languages, particularly in inflectional and agglutinating ones is proposed. The ways of solving the problems of equivalently rendering the lexical component of an indigenous language word (e. g. the semantic equivalent of an indigenous language lexeme may be not only a Russian lexical unit but also a word phrase - a syntactic construction), or mapping the Russian word equivalents which are often represented by an affixal element (a suffix, a suffixal particle, etc.) are considered.

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