Idioms with a time component in the speech of Russian Germans

The phraseological fund of German island dialects of the Altai Territory in Russia is significantly distinctive, containing many phraseological units differing from standard and original dialect variants. These features are revealed when analyzing the Russian-German dialect phraseological system fragment, i. e., phraseological units with time components. The development of the phraseological fund of the island dialects concerned is defined by the presence of common German phraseological units represented in standard German and modern German dialects, the preservation of old elements of the phraseological system, out of use in the territory of the original language group, and a certain permeability caused by the influence of a foreign language environment. Taken together, these facts explain the phraseological variability and emergence of some distinctive features in the researched fragment of the phraseological system of the dialects under consideration, resulting from originally related dialects being mixed and influenced by the Russian language. Most of the phraseological units of island Russian-German dialects under consideration are represented by dialect idioms with time components that differ in their structure and/or semantics from phraseological units of the German literary language. The differences in structure are associated with the presence of dialectic phonetic and grammatical features of dialects, which are superimposed by the lexical-semantic features that appeared in the process of the dialect existence in a foreign language environment for a long time. Idioms with time components belong to the active phraseological fund of the language, with their active usage indicating a particular significance in the Russian-German cultural space.

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