Linguocognitive categories as markers for the explication of a unique language picture of the world

This article examines the differentiation and systematization of linguocognitive units that constitute the language picture of the world. The authors propose criteria for distinguishing among linguocognitive categories, such as concepts, key concepts, and symbols, based on their varying degrees of cognitive relevance. Analysis is conducted on verbalized concepts, key words, and symbols across the Russian, Turkish, and Kyrgyz languages, highlighting their cultural-mental significance and the specific nature of linguistic perception. Concepts serve as the primary components of the language picture of the world and act as vehicles for national understanding. This is evident in the conceptual spheres of the analyzed languages, which represent universal concepts through unique content shaped by ethnonational perspectives embedded in linguistic semantics. Their meanings reveal profound knowledge related to life experiences, values, and the cognitive stereotypes of specific peoples. An examination of significant terminology across Russian, Kyrgyz, and Turkish languages indicates distinct cultural focal points, with Russian lexicons prioritizing affective states, Christian tenets, artistic principles, and recreational pursuits, Kyrgyz speakers focusing on health, kinship, and tradition, and Turkish culture highlighting communication with relatives and friends, professional ties, and patriotism. Symbolic words in each language are rooted in unique cultural histories and mentalities. Each language selects specific words to symbolize ideas based on linguocultural codes that serve as distinctive markers within a cultural area. This symbolization reflects the tendency for the human mind to project anthropomorphic and biomorphic associations onto its inner world, influenced by the natural and sociocultural environment.

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