SUMMARIES OF THE ARTICLES IN ENGLISH.pdf PHILOLOGYР. 7. Gorbovskaya Svetlana G. Saint-Petersburg State University. INDIVIDUALIASITION OF THE SYMBOL. THE ROSE BY G. DE LORRIS AND THE ROSE BY J. GENET. Rose is one of the most frequently used symbols in the French literature of various centuries. In the course of history the meanings of this florosymbol change. In this article we compare the rose from The Roman Rose (13th c) by G. de Lorris and J. de Meung with the rose of J.Genet's The miracle of rose (20th c). Key words: individualiasition of the symbol; rose of G. de Lorris; rose of J. Genet.Р. 12. Klimova Tamara Yu. East-Siberian State Academy of Education. META-NARRATIVE STRATEGIES IN V. MAKANIN'S PROSE. Metanarratives as narrative unities, which are held together by a specific causality of the composition, allow establishing semantic relations between texts at any level of integrity - from axiological generalized outlook (M.N. Darwin) to communicative mental sets of genre, scope and authorship (V.S. Kiselyov). Literary critics differentiated individual tendencies of image-theme convergences in V. Makanin's prose of various years: reverse reflections of plots and repeatability of situations (N. Ivanova), attraction to a particular type of hero - gatherer of wordly material and acting entity (I. Rodnyanskaya), median (L. Anninskiy) and book-worm (A. Genis). Alongside with that, the logic of bringing V. Makanin's texts into groups requires systemic descriptions of the author's narrative strategies. Gravitation towards stable names, which generated the paratexts of Svetik-novel and Klyucharyov-novel; towards the prevailing motives of demand, guilt and judgment; towards self-determination in chronotopes of being late, return, book-worming; towards the psychology of non-judging - all these facilitate the identification of the writer's prose metalevels. Also, the structural unity of discretionary compositions, the genre metanarrative of a novel, a short novel or a story claims the capability of the metanarrative principle. One of the essential matters of metaconvergence is the discourse of a creative mind. Self-description of the creative process, its mechanisms and psychological impulses in Makanin's writings becomes incarnated in formulas of failure and reflection on one's unpublished short novel, an undrawn portrait, a forgotten story, a lost text or a rejection to write any more. From the point of view of narratology proper, the speech situation of the text about text is also a stable metanarrative. Self-axiology, irony, escaping quotations and intellectualism are valuable for determination of the style metalevel. The short novel Voices (Golosa) or the novel Underground, or Hero of Our Times, are independent metanarratives, which concentrate thematic, stylistic, axiological and ideal-artistic thesaurus of Makanin's prose. Proverbial metadiscourse, which unites a significant text corpus with a greater-than-average intellectual resource and reflects the author's outlook on the reality, performs an integrating function. Formal subjectivation of Makanin's narrative with graphic emphasis - brackets, italics and capital letters is yet awaiting a dedicated literary study. The specific feature of the united set is passed onto many writings based on the principle of pretext isolation, in dialogue with which the author weaves his plot. In particular, Makanin's interlocutors include F. Nietzsche, M, Heidegger, A. Schopenhauer, Z. Freud and virtually all of the classic literary elite. Positioning of Makanin's works among conceptual metanarrative strategies may become one of the prospective directions in Makanin's studies and literary studies in general, which will bring the researcher toward identification of universal regularities in inherent integration of the author's texts, as well as artistic systems and culture texts. Key words: Vladimir Makanin; meta-narrative; ensembles of text; emblem; para-text; inter-text.Р. 17. Luchnikov Mikhail Yu. Kemerovo State University. RUSSIAN CLASSICAL LITERARY CRITICISM FROM THE STANDPOINT OF HISTORICAL POETICS. The phrase classical Russian literary criticism still exists as a vague notion, the volume and substance of which vary considerably. This circumstance is due to the fact that modern science does not have an authoritative model of the criticism on the whole as an invariant of the verbal-logical life. There is no unified notion about the main historical types of literary reflection. The analysis of the meanings of the phrase literary criticism in speech and in scientific definitions can serve as the benchmark for problem statement of historical types of literary criticism. The meanings can be divided into three variants: criticism as any verbal reaction to works of the verbal art, criticism as a historical type of literary reflection and criticism as a function. It is supposed that the three definitions of literary criticism were spontaneously formed and supported by the science, the invariant meaning being the last one, reflect the most important moments of the historical evolution of literary reflection. In the first case it is the moment of emerging of literary reflection itself, which at the same time is the moment of origin of literary creation, poetry, in the broad sense of this word. The second definition reflects the situation of categorial demolition of culture; it means cardinal changes in the European literary reflection at the turn of the 18th - 19th cc. The degree of topicality of this literary criticism definition for each national culture shows the degree of resoluteness of changes progressing in its art consciousness. The third definition of the literary criticism sends us to the turn of the 19th - 20th cc signifying the further field fragmentation of art consciousness, separation of literature study into the independent sphere of scientific knowledge. The marked stages of the literary reflection evolution coincide with the ideas about regularities of literary creation which were founded by A.N. Veselovskiy, then developed in the researches of O.M. Fradenberg and E.-R. Kurcius. They independently marked out two principally different periods in the epoch of personal creation. Today, the ideas were complemented by S.S. Averintsev (the description of the reflective-traditionalistic poetics) and by S.N. Broytman (the description of the epoch of art modality and, from our point of view, the principal difference of the classical and neoclassical periods within this epoch). The mentioned considerations let us formulate a hypothesis that Russian classical literary criticism is a national variant of literary reflection of the art modality epoch, commencing due to the cardinal change of creative consciousness at the turn of the 18th - 19th cc, at the classical stage of its developing. Key words: criticism; literary reflection; historical poeticsР. 23. Odonchimeg Tumee. Khovd State University (Mongolia). EMOTIONAL SEMANTICS OF OCCASIONALISMS IN A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EXPERIMENT. This article deals with the problem of occasional verbalization of emotional semantics of nonverbal signals by Mongolian-speaking persons in direct and inverse psycholinguistic experiment. The author of the article investigates the initial language nomination strategies of emotional constituents of musical phrases in a psycholinguistic experiment. On this234material an attempt is made to reveal the emotional semantics of sound-letters in Mongol. It proves the necessity of other series of experiments with pseudowords to exclude the influence of semantic meaning on the phonetic one in the course of a psycholinguistic experiment. Emotions like joy, happiness, fear, anger and sadness are recognized easier than other types. The emotions were categorized as negative, positive or neutral. People know more negative emotion words than positive or neutral ones. The proportion was 50% negative, 20% positive and 10% neutral words in the experiment. It is explained that positive emotions are processed schematically. People do not pay a lot of attention to assessment of positive emotions. In general, positive emotions signal that things are normal, so we process them more superficially. Negative emotions signal that something is wrong, and so they elicit a slowdown in processing. They require more attention and detail in thinking and, consequently, more words. We want to know if there are psychological differences between coincidence of recognizing negative and positive emotions in direct and reverse experiments. We found out that there are few emotion words, which probably makes good evolutionary sense, and that the proportion of negative words was larger than the positive ones and pseudowords for negative emotions were recognized more than the positive ones. Some participants, regardless of language, tended to use the same sets of words with limited diversity in their responses. Some of them had fewer identical words but far more diversity. The results of the proportions of verbalization of negative, positive and neutral emotional semantics show the possibility to study the problem in the future.Key words: speech production and speech perception; occasionalisms; verbalization of emotional semantics of nonverbal signals; psycholinguistic experiment.Р. 27. Sushkova Valentina N. Tyumen State University. RUSSIA-ENGLAND: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CULTURAL CONTACT IN 1930S. The mass recognition of the Soviet Russia in 1930s led to its cultural rapprochement with various countries, including the United Kingdom. B. Shaw, G. Wells, M. Forster, R. Oldington express sympathies for the new Russia state in their works. Speaking about mutual influence of Russian and English literature and culture, it is also necessary to consider the processes in Russia and the intellectuals' relation to them. The official recognition of the Soviet power in England occurred in 1924. Before that the creative intellectuals of Great Britain were well familiar with F.M. Dostoevsky's, L.N. Tolstoy's and I.S. Turgenev's works. M.Gorky's, M.Sholokhov's, N.Ostrovsky's, L.Leonov's and other literary artists' works were translated into English. A film by M.Gorky's novel Mother was shown with success in English cinemas. Many positive comments were published about the cinema production technique of Russian films. The Russian theatre also attracted public attention. Afinogenov's and other dramatists' plays were translated from Russian into English. In the mid-thirtith the British section of the International association of revolutionary writers was created; the magazine Left Review was first published. The book reviews and articles on the Soviet literature occupied a great place in periodicals Left Review, Labour Monthly, Storm, in daily newspaper of the English Communist Party Daily Worker. In the English literature of this period V.I. Lenin's artistic image appeared (Hugh MacDiarmid, Ralf Fox, Jack Lindsey, etc.). The Civil War in Spain united the creative intellectuals of many countries in international brigades. The English public compared the young English writers (R.Fox), who battled in Spain as volunteers, with Turgenev's Rudin. At the International congresses Russian and English writers actively supported modern culture. They were solidary in struggle against the growing threat of fascism. Key words: intellectuals interaction; cultural rapprochement; antifascist character; English Rudins.Р. 31. Chindin Igor V. Tsiolkovsky Russian State Technological University (Moscow). ORIGINALITY OF MYTHPOETRY DISCOURSE IN THE ROSE OF THE WORLD BY DANIEL ANDREEV. In the middle of the 20th c in Russia D.L.Andreev realized his experience of familiarizing with a mythical way of understanding the world in an art form. Andreevs wrote The Rose of the World, The Iron Mystery and a cycle of verses Russian gods in the genre of myth-poetry. Myth loci are found in The Rose of the World that become obvious at imposing of its material on the main principles of the mythical paradigm. Andreev created the newest mythical chronotop in Russian culture. Its time is not chronological. The Rose of the World exists in liturgical time. It is the main mythical sacred event, which attracts all cultural-mythological intuitions of the newest poet of the myth. The Rose of the World exists in spiritually mystical time and space of the poet of the myth. It is restoration of sources of humankind, the sacral here reveals in mystical and logic experience. Andreev leaves chronological time and creatively joins the sacred time of the ritually reproduced eternal plots. It carries out mytho-cultural creativity. Andreev postulated existence of a certain objective spiritual reality to which many hundreds people are already attached. At the world scale, it is capable to have mystical influence on people. People start feeling unified in this spiritual reality and by means of it. The author does not prove its existence logically and does not address to the arguments of reason. It only influences the reader's imagination mentally. Andreev is not the researcher, but the storyteller of his own version of history. The sense of a narration is in giving people a new Olympus of participation. Andreev lists mystical souls of cultures - zatomises in metaphysics. The essence approaches the configuration of these spatial phenomena parataxis. The substantial moment of inclusion of all levels, numbers and worlds into Andreev's metaphysics in the long mytho-epic list is the parity of each number or level with Andreev's newest mythical chronotops - with the Rose of the World. The removal of the ideal - material antinomy is of fundamental value for mythical thinking. Andreev devotes a small chapter in TheRose of the World to the solution of the problem of primacy of the ideal or the material. The judgement about their unity does not have a logically deduced character, but an emotionally incentive one for D. Andreev: the poet of the myth suggests apprehending the thesis of the given unity on trust. The object as a transcendental object for persons of the myth acts in unity with the subject's knowledge of it. The subject in consciousness and the subject out of consciousness are identical. The knowledge of the world gets complete character. The object for persons of the myth is active because it contains the divine force. In the mystical experience this force manifests itself through God whom it depends on to the person. The Voice reveals Andreev's intrinsic parties of each phenomenon of the reality and gives the author of the newest mythology a complete true judgement about it. TheVoice clears up the activity of a cognizable subject, and the subject itself starts to reveal before poets of the myth in all its completeness. Thus, we find substantial elements of mythical thinking in The Rose of the World. Key words: myth chronotop; lithurgical time; Rose of the World; parataxis; principal patricipation.Р. 38. Shabalina Albina N. Belovo Institute of Kemerovo State University. FRAGMENT OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD THROUGH THE FAMILIES OF COGNATE WORDS DESCRIBING THE SPHERE OF TRADE. Having combined the achievements of traditional linguistics and using categories and terms of cognitive linguistics, modern word-formation offers a new complex understanding of cognate words. Frame-propositional organization of the semantic structure of the family of cognate words explicitly represents roles of denotates in a real situation and produces the scheme of prototype culture knowledge of a person about the activity expressed by cognate words. The family of cognate words represented through situations depicts total notions about235the world historically developed in community consciousness, which is reflected in language and describes everyday notions on theanalyzed part of reality, consequently, being a fragment of the language picture of the world.Key words: family of cognate words; semantic structure; frame; proposition; situation; participant; language picture of the world.PHILOSOPHY, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCESР. 45. Arigunova Yekaterina V. Tomsk State University. BOREDOM AND TIME. The presented work attracts our attention to boredom that we considered in two directions: positive and negative. Boredom can be situational and fundamental. From the philosophical view the problem of boredom is becoming actual while such new values of the current era as novelty, singularity, pluralism and cosmopolitism appear. Boredom is said to be a product of the post-industrial society. The article examines relations between the fundamental state of boredom and time. From that point there are two aspects: historicity of boredom and existentialism of boredom out of time. On the general cultural level boredom had its development. For example, there was no such concept in Ancient Greece, during the Middle Ages boredom was a moral concept and in the modern time it became a body disease and melancholy. In contemporaneity a great number of people run into boredom. Various forms of indemnification or care of this negative state are transformed through culture, which creates many recipes, both positive and negative. At the same time boredom as existentialism is a constant attribute of human being. Perception in the fundamental state is special; time does not pass within boredom. There exist no actions, aims, roles, and plots. Boredom has redundant duration that is unfilled and empty. Boredom is related to the concept other, where other can precede anyone or anything: (an)other man, God or even television. The connection of I and Other in boredom is realized in different ways, as attempts of realization and avoidance through a look outside. So, due to boredom a person gives up the outside fillers of his/her mind and stays alone. As existentialism, boredom is possibility for reflection. Relations between boredom and time are quiet undefined. If boredom as a fundamental state is redundant duration how is it possible that it may not exist at some historical moment? Probably, the existentialism described had different pseudonyms in different languages such as suffering, melancholy, indifference, grief, lethargy, languor, spleen and so on. Fundamental boredom always stays inside of people but it has become acute in the values of our epoch. Among philosophers it is possible to find many sayings about boredom, but as an independent problem boredom attracted attention of few philosophers: A. Schopenhauer, M. Heidegger, A. Camus, L. Svendsen et al. The theme has been studied before, but insufficiently. The interest to this theme increases notedly, as more and more journalists, people of art, especially modern writers, psychologists, etc. address the phenomenon of boredom. Key words: boredom; time; duration.Р. 48. Byurayeva Yulia G. Department of Regional Economic Researches of the Buryat Scientific Center SB RAS (Ulan-Ude). THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE PROFESSIONALISATION PROCESS OF MODERN MANAGERS (BY EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA). There were changes in management sphere as a result of transformation of the social and economic structure of the Russian society. Managers have formed a separate social stratum. Now they actively develop and their job becomes a profession. In this connection formation of the system of professional education for managers is of great importance. On the basis of the data received during sociological researches by revealing and analysing the main tendencies of formation and functioning of the social-professional group of managers in the urbanized conditions of the Republic of Buryatia it is possible to find out how much they value education. Higher education is an essential factor for management representatives. The educational level of regional managers is high enough - 89.3% of managers have higher education. 3.3% of them have a scientific degree (mainly it is the Candidate of Economics). It corresponds to the all-Russian situation. 90% of mangers have higher education in the Russian Federation on the whole. Technical education prevails. It is a good base for managerial activity as practice shows. Specialised education of regional managers is not an obligatory attribute for a successful career. Until recently managers have been deprived possibilities to receive professional managerial education because of the backwardness of the Russian system of business education. At the same time no necessity in specialised education has been caused by unclear market conditions when success of a business is defined by the possession of a developed informal network of acquaintances instead of professionalism. So functions of managers in business organizations are carried out by people who do not possess sufficient knowledge in the field of management in Buryatia. Nevertheless in spite of the fact that only a small part of representatives of management has special managerial education it is possible to notice that managers start to consider this type of education as a basic precondition of high professional mobility and competitiveness at the labour market. Such a tendency will considerably promote homogenization of the social-professional group of managers of the republic, as it is during the educational process that the comprehension of uniform group interests and belonging to the special professional group develops. The educational base becomes the platform for professional associations and communities. Key words: educational level of managers; professionalisation; business education.Р. 53. Karymova Svetlana M. Altai State Technical University (Barnaul). PHILOSOPHY OF E. CASSIRER IN RESEARCH OF THE THING WORLD OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE. Historians and critics have been engaged with the question on the sense of the thing and its position in traditional culture for the last 30 years, using methods of the structural-semiotic approach. Thus, the accent in researches has been made on the position of the thing in culture, on the anthropological aspect and on grammar of the thing world. However, the ontological problem of the thing in traditional culture, its understanding as one of the world outlook categories of culture is still in question. As the validity of traditional culture is shown by means of symbols embodied in things, space, household and ritual actions, it seems expedient to use the philosophy of symbolical forms of E. Cassirer as methodology. E. Cassirer's concepts of the symbolical concept, the functional concept and the symbolical form allow revealing the essence of the thing, its ontological status by means of the semantic aspects realised in a symbol. The real world is a certain symbolical form, which is a result of spiritual creativity of people. Traditional culture tends to mythologise the new sensual data which leads to confusion of the image and the thing in its material aspect. Such properties as colour, form and other represent themselves here as parts of a uniform symbolical image. The thing exists within its frame. The formation of the thing in culture occurs according to the following structure: 1) perception of sensual data (at this stage the person accepts information from sense organs and combines these parts into a single whole - the thing); 2) formation of a symbolical image of the thing in a certain culture (the received information is compared to the available world outlook foundations and a symbol of the thing is created which will be used further in life); 3) creation of a functional image of the thing in culture (the thing is given a number of functions according to the cultural features). The thing cannot exist in culture unless it acquires a certain symbolical236form, as then it does not possess the status and properties for the person. Traditional culture uses rituals and placing objects somewhere definite to introduce the thing into the cultural continuum. Thus, the thing finds spatial coordinates in household space and cult, because the sketchiness of cosmological representations, characteristic for traditional culture, is expressed in grammar of the real world surrounding the person. The thing acts as a certain keeper of senses of culture, which are transferred from generation to generation by means of the tradition of creation of certain types of things, the canon of use, which in due course becomes a more ritual component than a really necessary one. Key words: thing; neo-kantianism; traditional culture.Р. 57. Malyshkin Yevgeniy V. Saint-Petersburg State University. THE NOTION DOCTA BY NICOLAUS CUSANUS AND CARTESIAN PROJECT OF NEW SCIENCE. The author of the article compares the notions docta by Nicolaus Cusanus and scientia by Descartes. A series of essential coincidences were established and it was pointed out that both the scientific projects are founded on the same difference: deference between infinitim and interminatum. But if for Cusanus docta does not suppose any progress, for Descartes the essence of the project of new science is development and enrichment of knowledge. For Descartes, if the foundation of science is set up well, then various scholars can develop it. Our hypothesis is that the indicated distinction succeeds different relations between infinitum and interminatum. There are no means to verify this hypothesis directly, but we can consider a set of procedures, which create this difference. It is established that for Descartes to demonstrate the existence of God is not simply a tribute to the tradition, but key elements of all of his metaphysical construction. It is stated that the Cartesian demonstration of infinite perfection is not perfect. Then an attempt is taken to examine how the position of the cognizing subject will change if we withdraw God from the Cartesian doctrine. The status of res cogitans is essentially undetermined: either it is a finite entity, as Descartes himself explicitly mentions, or it is the infinite one, since it has an infinite attribute, the will, the same as God, and the God's good will is the order of the universe, which is perceived by rational knowledge. It is noted that if to demonstrate the stability of our virtual structure, one can show what cogito is in relation to its attributes (finite ones, like memory, and infinite ones, like will), and what duration is, as duration is the the foundation for the Cartesian claim to the distributed character of new science. Key words: infinity; duration; foundations of modern science.Р. 62. Shamolin Roman V. Novosibirsk State University. PLATO AS A POSTMODERNIST. There are certain features of the world-view that are mentioned in characterizing our epoch. These features are connected with adaptation of modern knowledge to guidelines that are set by a universal regime of free market or, in other words, of the capitalist regime. We will talk about features, which we will designate as the will to good (welfare) and the will to generality (the will to find one's place in the universal system of recognition). The given adjustments activate one more feature of the world-view - uncertainty, which has long been discussed by analysts of the European and American schools: from G. Deleuze and J. Baudrillard to F. Fukuyama and R. Sennett. However, all the mentioned above is not only the feature of modern times; the will to good, to generality and uncertainty that accompanies them are quite archaic and were explained a long time ago. One of the first ideologists of the world-view that is nowadays called postmodern is Plato. The title of our article reflects this succession. Orienting his philosophical system towards the idea of the good Plato organically forms the attitude of consciousness to the nothing, because characteristics of the good are superlatively a-formal and uncertain. Accepting this attitude consciousness opens its subjectivity as something immanent to this nothing. Thereafter the status of authenticity is denied to any detached identity. Consciousness is given function only in those identity codes, which are recognized by the ideology of the good as conductors of an ideal project. Instead of the questionable value of individualism, consciousness guided this way receives the verification of its belonging to the Universe, that is the universal recognition. And this frees consciousness from the burden of deep anxiety, which is an immanent part of any detached human existence. An analogy by which we can correlate Platonic paradigms and modern humanistic guidelines deserves attention. We understand humanism as a generic concept having a propensity for transcendental removal of any detached form of consciousness and human existence for adaptive implementation of this form into the communicative generic context not as a detached one, but as one mediating values of this context. Plato's Republic will be the first consistent model of humanistic ideology. Denying the self-sufficient subjective core of the person characterizes both Platonism and humanism. Different conclusions can be drawn from this denying: from idealistic pragmatism of Plato to socioeconomic pragmatism in the contemporary humanistic space. Both types of pragmatism are conjoint by their mediacracy: existence is constituted by communication and is designated as non-genuine out of it. Communication is an intentional stream, and its basic characteristic is to transcend communicating consciousness. Total connection with the world of ideas stated by Plato is a project of absolute communication. An idea is insuperable and infinite; we can say the same about communication. Practising it, the person must agree to his/her own indefinability; to the impossibility to realize and execute the project of his/her existence. The person at last opens up to infinity in this agreement; the problem of personal destiny should not worry him any more. Key words: good; reproduction; humanism; uncertainty.CULTUROLOGYР. 66. Ivanova Svetlana V. Academic Music College of Moscow P.I. Tchaikovsky Conservatory (Moscow). WOMEN-COMPOSERS OF THE 17TH CENTURY. This article describes women's composer creativity in European musical culture of the 17th century. Unknown foreign women composers, authors of chamber and symphonic music are in the focus of attention in this article. The first attempt is made to embrace women's creativity of that period to make up for the deficiency in literature written in Russian. At the same time historical and social aspects of this problem are important for the author. The goal of the author is to observe some names of unknown women composers of the 17th century and their biographical details, to reconstruct the picture of social status of women-authors and to describe some types of their creative activity. It is clear from the text of this article that authors of that historical period belonged to the type of composers which is called an enlighten amateur and had different social statuses (from ladies of royalty to less noble representatives of bourgeoisie). On the example of biography of Barbara Strozzi the most widely spread type of music activity of women composers in the 17th century (composer-performer) is shown in this article. Besides, the personality of the musician Francesca Caccini is also considered in this article, because her name is connected with the appearance of a new image of a woman-composer - the role of a court composer. In this article it is also pointed out that women authors of the 17th century manifested themselves in various musical genres. They composed arias, cantatas, instrumental sonnets, masses, motets, spiritual concerts, operas, ballets, musical dramas, madrigals, 237choruses, serious and drinking songs. Women composers of that period were skillful in different musical genres and it proves the growth of composers' mastery, the professionalism of women authors, the assimilation of various spheres of musical art and their more confident way to the profession of a composer. According to the extant documents and historical evidences the author points out that female music took an important place both in secular and church art of the 17th century, which is connected with changes in the attitude of the society towards women-creators and with acceptance of possibility of musical realization for women of different social strata. In the conclusion the author makes an accent on the fact that women composers took an active part in cultural European life of the 17th century, and their role in the development of music art was rather essential. Besides their activity as composers favoured the development of female music in the European cultural tradition and the appearance of new names of women composers in the following centuries. Key words: women-composers of the 17th century, composer - enlightened amateur, composer-perfomer, сourt composer.Р. 70. Polozov Sergey P. Saratov State L.V. Sobinov Conservatory. MUSICAL THINKING AS A FACTOR OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL CULTURE: INFORMATION FOUNDATION. One of the important research directions in modern cultural science is the essence of musical thinking. Problems of musical thinking are actively discussed in cultural science and musicology. One of the aspects of musical thinking consideration is the information method, which is very topical in the situation of modern information society and information culture creation. However, the research potential of this method is realized insufficiently. Information aspects of musical thinking are considered in the article from the point of view of operating musical information elements. Musical thinking reflects and cognizes the reality in specific musical representations. Its basic sources are audial, visual and tactual sensations. They fill consciousness with the reflected properties of musical being and give primary musical information elements with which the musical thinking operates. Confluence of sensations forms integrity as a perceptual image. This image merges the emotional and the rational. Consequently, musical thinking operates not only material, but also perception formations as information units. Features of a perceptual image are caused by the structure of individual consciousness formed by social, cultural experience and individual qualities of the person. But, despite the distinctions, perceptual images have general characteristic stable structures covering all means of musical expressiveness, genre and stylistic attributes, composition and dramaturgic principles. These typical structures also represent themselves as musical information units that musical thinking operates. Having acquired the status of property of public consciousness, these musical archetypes become factors of formation and development of musical culture. In musical thinking mechanisms of preguessing and comparison operate because of the ability to manipulate with typical structures as musical information units. Anticipatory representations arising as a result of preguessing guarantee creative activity of musical thinking. The content of musical thinking will consist of the information, which is a product of both sensual experience and imagination. Thus, the volume, the content and structure of musical thinking are flexible and depend on the part of the content of information space of musical culture the person possesses. Modern culturological understanding of musical thinking consists in its consideration as unities of reflection and creation. By means of creative activity of thinking the person creates not only material artefacts of musical culture - musical texts, but also one's own inner world. Creative activity of musical thinking is an essential condition of formation and development of musical culture. Key words: musical thinking; musical culture; the musical information.Р. 76. Polyakov Alexander F. Buryat State University. PROBLEM OF THE CONCEPTUAL TRIAD FORM-CONTENT-SENSE. The article is devoted to questions of genesis and evolution of the conceptual triad form-content-sense. The author considers the given categories in cultural philosophical aspect. Now there is a tendency of displacement of accents from philosophical problems of sense onto culturological ones in connection with some reappraisal of values peculiar to each new stage of public relations that is inherent in modern information society with its issues of globalisation. The culturological paradigm was, as a matter of fact, a timely reaction to mass culture side effects; it was an attempt to reconsider its ideals, search comprehensible ways of spiritual and moral revival. The problem of categories of form, content and sense is broadly researched within different scientific approaches: philosophical, culturological, phenomenological, art criticism, linguistic, hermeneutical and many others. The given categories have received especially extensive application in the field of aesthetics when explaning the nature of art creativity. These categories are shown most fully and visually in art, due to its nature, specificity of the subject, the essence of the artistic image as a special way of reflection of the reality. However, the works of thinkers of the past and the present do not contain the explicit trinity of the categories considered, and the form and content dualism according to the world outlook and aesthetic norms of each epoch dominates, which to a certain degree detracts the true value of sense. Recently the categories of form and content alone cannot reflect the originality of the art world according to its sense and purpose. Attempts to explain the difficult nature of an artistic image, to go beyond the standard duality induce researchers to apply the terms sign and value, text and sense, to merge the concepts content, idea, sense, etc. Lately the theoretical thought has developed not only concerning traditional duality of form and content, but also in the direction of search of a new determinant in the art sphere that has revealed a certain problem of formation of the conceptual triad form-content-sense. Nevertheless, the given triad is quite an objective formation and can be projected at any level of the surrounding reality under condition of rehabilitation of the category of sense. Key words: category; form; contents; sense; conceptual triad.Р. 81. Smokotin Vladimir M. Tomsk State University. THE EUROPEAN CULTURAL CONVENTION OF 1954 AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURES TEACHING AND LEARNING INTO A PRIORITY FIELD OF EUROPEAN COOPERATION. The paper is devoted to the evolution of language education in the postwar Europe from passing over a large volume of passive knowledge of foreign languages to a limited number of school students towards a universal language and culture teaching and learning, promoting the strengthening of economic, political and cultural ties, the growth of international exchanges and support, maintenance and sustained development of the common European linguistic and cultural heritage. The European Cultural Convention of 1954 called for coordination of European countries' activities in the sphere of culture and education with the aim of preservation and further development of the common European cultural heritage. Special attention in the convention was accorded to the study of European languages, history and civilization of Europe's countries. The adoption by the Council of Europe of the European Cultural Convention turned the study of modern languages and cultures into a priority field of European cooperation and led to a number of initiatives, which in the course of their realization in the form of language projects, transferred the ideas about the role of languages in society and their place in educational programs at all stages of teaching and learning. The paper shows, on the basis of an analysis of the Council of Europe's language projects and the European Union's activities in the field of language policies, that close cooperation of the national education systems in enhancing the effectiveness of language and cultural education prepared the ground for constructing in Europe of a multilingual and multicultural society. In the course of the realization of the Main Project in modern languages in the period from 1964 to 1974, the cooperation of the European national systems of education entered a new stage of harmonization of 238educational systems on the basis of coordination of curricula and teaching methods. Also, the efforts continued in overcoming the rift between the theory and practice that led to limiting the linguistic research in universities to literature and philology, while the integration of Europe put forward new demands to improve the quality of language teaching and to the introduction of objective ways and means of assessing the results of teaching and learning. The awareness of the need for a transfer from a formal learning of language structures to a language policy in the field of education directed at the preservation and maintenance of the rich and diverse linguistic and cultural heritage in Europe came as a result of a successful completion of a number of language projects and important political and economic changes during the 1980s and 1990s in the course of the information revolution. With the establishment of the European Union in 1992 and coming into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the conceptual shift of European education to multilingualism on the basis of purposeful language and cultural policy received a legislative support. Key words: language and culture teaching and learning; linguistic and cultural diversity.Р. 87. Yudina Vera I. Orel State University. ARTISTIC SPECIFICITY OF V. KALINNIKOV'S MUSICAL LETTERS. Sixteen musical letters of Vasiliy Kalinnikov (1866-1900) are a very specific phenomenon not only in the composer's creative heritage, but also in the history of musical culture. However, some other Russian composers - M.P. Musorgsky, A.T. Grechaninov, S.V. Rakhmaninov -also have single cases of turning to a similar form of musical expression. The analysis of Kalinnikov's musical epistolary and its artistic uniqueness is based on the synthetic approach that comprises the epistolary and musical sphere of the composer's heritage. The major subject of the research is the distinguishing features of the letter in general and the musical letter in particular. The elements of content and form are singled out according to the classical works in rhetoric (N. Grech), modern researches of the epistolary genre (M. Bakhtin, S. Averintsev, O. Roginskaya, T. Fokina) and are later traced in Kalinnikov's musical letters. Traditionally, the epistolary form is of common type and comprises three major parts (the beginning - the greeting; the main body and the ending) and a number of set expressions (addressing at the beginning and at the end, signature, date etc.). Conceptual features of the letter are determined by its functional realization, personal and situational factors. In the content of any written message the major role belongs to the personal and communicative components, as any message has both informative (choosing the material) and communicative (connecting the material with the addressee's personality) functions. Epistolary in its essence is characterized as an autobiographical genre. In Kalinnikov's musical letters the personal aspect has a particular element of confession due to their stylistic specificity. Their addressness, personal features, professional sphere and the type of relationships between the interlocutors clear out the communicative type of the composer's musical epistolary. The connection of personal and conversational components correlates the aspects of content of Kalinnikov's musical epistolary and their formal elements. It can be seen from the example of vocal framing of such components of the etiquette style as addressing and personal signature. Apart from the components of genre and style, the determination of artistic specificity of Kalinnikov's musical epistolary is analyzed in the context of characteristic features of the author's personal style and major tendencies of epistolary at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. Key words: Vasiliy Kalinnikov; musical letter; epistolary; autobiography; dialogue.HISTORYР. 94. Afanasyev Alexander L. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics. TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES IN EASTERN SIBERIA (1890-1911). Modern Russia needs to change destructive alcoholic policy. The most ruinous damage is made to the population of the cold unbounded Siberia and the Far East. The objective of the article is to study the historical counteraction experience to withstand alcoholic threat. The task of the article is to summarize and present the data about spontaneous pubic organizations -temperance societies operating in 1910-1911 in East-Siberian general-governorship province. (Modern territory of the Republic of Buryatia, Sakha (Yakutia), Khakassia, Zabaikalsky and Krasnoyarsky territories and Irkutsk region). Brief review about the societies from 1890 to 1916 is also presented. The sources of information used are the reports of the secretaries of spiritual consistories (the Russian State Historical archive), regulations and reports of the societies, periodicals and reference book of 1911 by I.P. Mordvinov, an outstanding temperance movement personality. The set of sources is sorted under a special questionnaire-card. The obtained results are as following. By December 1910 - January 1911 there were 30 temperance societies in the region numbering 2000-2200 members. 29 societies (96.7%) belonged to the church, i.e. operated at orthodox cathedrals; some of them had regulations approved by archeries. One society (3.3%) was operating under regulations approved by civil authorities. The societies geography: 1) the biggest number of the societies - 27 (90%) - was located in the rural area and only 3 (10%) were in the towns; 2) in each province/region the societies were established in the most densely populated and economically developed areas, where the population were most capable to self-administration; 3) most of the societies 24 (80%) were operating in Zabaikalsky region. Apparently, the latter was due to the support of the young and energetic bishop Zabaikalsky Methodiy. The pioneers and leaders of the societies were orthodox priests, while the members were mostly peasants (in Zabaikalie they were also cossacks). Most of the societies registered the members or took sobriety seal for a defined period in the cathedral. Five societies conducted religious and moral anti-alcohol lectures, two organized discussions and sermons, two organizations participated in the campaign by the III State Duma to support the draft law on the anti-alcohol activity, one society organized sobriety lessons and another one distributed special literature. Askyzskoye society of Minusunsky uyezd had a Sunday grammar school for adults, paid interest-free loans and rendered charitable aid. The number of abstainers relative to all the population was not great, but the societies had an important role of cultural landmarks, facilitating people seeking physical and spiritual health and comfortable living. They presented valuable experience of local self-administration. Temperance movement facilitated healthy lifestyle and harmonization in the communities. This activity involved Russians, Evenks, Buryats, Khakasses and Yakuts. Key words: temperance societies; temperance movement; history; church; peasantry; schools; native people; Siberia.Р. 99. Karasova Tatyana V. Institute of Eastern Studies RAS (Moscow). POLICY TOWARDS ARAB ETHNIC MINORITY IN THE STATE OF ISRAEL. Israeli Arabs account for 20 percent of the population in Israel. The Arabs of Israel were given citizenship, but this did not mean that they enjoyed truly equal rights. For eighteen years they lived under conditions of martial law and, as a result, their freedom of movement was severely curtailed. The position of Israeli Arabs is disadvantaged in the labour market, educational system and democratic values. The Arabs of Israel do not serve in the armed forces. Since in Israel military service has become an admission-ticket to society, the non-service of the Arabs effectively bars them from access to positions of influence. Nevertheless the Arabs of Israel have seen significant improvement in their standard of living; it is estimated that their average salary is equivalent to 75 per cent239of the average salary in the Jewish sector. The relationship of Arab citizens to the State of Israel is often fraught with tension and can be regarded in the context of relations between minority populations and state authorities elsewhere in the world. Arab citizens consider themselves to be indigenous people. The increasing population of Arabs within Israel, and the majority status they hold in two major geographic regions are perceived by Israelis as a "demographic bomb". Many Israeli leaders often noted that if the percentage of Arab citizens rose above its current level, Israel would not be able to maintain a Jewish demographic majority. Peace and equality are the two concepts, which have always headed the list of preferences of the Arabs of Israel. It was reckoned that the two were bound together, since a significant proportion of the causes of inequality were rooted in the security situation. The Six Day War marked a dramatic turning point in the lives of Israel's Arab citizens. For the first time since Israel's establishment, Arab citizens had contact with Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. This, along with the lifting of military rule, led to increased political activism among the Arab citizens. The first intifada has helped to establish a new identity for Israeli Arabs, as Palestinian citizens of Israel. But both two intifadas show that problems faced by Israeli Arabs could not be separated from the wider Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The outcome was that today the majority of Israeli Arabs identify themselves as Palestinians by nationality and Israeli by citizenship. Within the Arab communities there have been new developments in recent years. The Islamist movement has gained strength. Some young leaders seek cultural autonomy for Arabs of Israel, while the demand to present Israel as the state of all citizens is heard with increasing frequency among various circles of the Israeli Arabs. Not only Israeli Arabs, but also Jewish Human rights groups and increasing numbers of Israelis and Jews are calling for the State of Israel to be a democratic state for all of its citizens regardless of religion and race. They believed that building healthy Jewish-Arab relations is essential to strengthening Israel's democratic society. Key words: Israeli Arabs; inequality; plasticization; discrimination; radicalization.Р. 104. Karnachuk Natalya V. Tomsk State University. ENGLISH AND SPANISH PICARESQUE NOVEL AS A REFLECTION OF THE COUNTRIES' MODERNIZATION SPECIFICITY IN 16TH - EARLY 17TH CENTURIES. The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of English and Spanish picaresque novels of late 16th - middle 17th centuries. It is aimed at emphasizing some specific features in perception of knavery and deceit themes by English society (mainly middle class townspeople). The author briefly reflects upon the popularity of rogue literature in Western Europe in 16th-17th c and shows the process of its diffusion from Pyrenean countries all along the European region, marks national specificity of the genre. Then the author demonstrates some changes, made by English translators of Spanish picaresque novels and supposes these changes not to be occasional, but regular signs of a different national consciousness. The author tries to prove this suggestion using the detailed analysis of authentically English picaresque novels. These tend to demonstrate a deliberate orientation towards Spanish examples. Nevertheless, all text levels: lexical preferences, plotlines, social marking of the main character, intonations of laughter in comical situations, clearly expressed the author's moral position - they demonstrate significant differences in perception of knavery and deception, as compared to Spanish novels. The author focuses attention on two most famous examples of English picaresque novels of 16th-17th c. They are Thomas Nashe's The Unfortunate Traveller or The Life of Jack Wilton, and a later work The English Rogue described in the life of Meriton Latroon, a Witty extravagant being a complete history of the most eminent cheats of both sexes, by Richard Head (1665). Nashe's protagonist, Jack Wilton, differs from a typical picaro both by his social positon and by an ideology proclaimed. Where Spanish picaros are people deprived of any clear social status changing masks of soldiers, rogues, students or servants, Jack never forgets his status of a noble and a king's page. Unlike Spanish knaves, he never speaks of the world ruled by deception; he prefers to position his tricks as merry jokes aimed rather at strengthening common ideas of honest and vicious deeds. He never lacks a feeling of fellowship and understanding of fine and noble acts. By the end of his epic, Jack reforms, leaves the wanton life and returns to his country. It is important to mention that a Spanish picaro sometimes comes to a well-off life but gains it not by reformation but by deception and falsehood. Meriton Latroon, Head's protagonist, is more like his Spanish colleagues; he is a man who was leaving a rogue's life from his youth. He is a professional knave and fraud who is proud of his own high art. But both he and Head clearly distance rogue's values and values of good society and do not try to proclaim their identity. R. Head, like T. Nash, significantly avoids depicting the world that has gone insane, the human society as chaotic and living according to the laws of knavery. English picaresque novels are also specific by their tendency to move protagonists away from England or by some other means to give their stories an exotic taste. Thus, they enlarge the distance between a locus with preserved, traditional ideals and moral values (England) and locus where dishonesty and vice reign. Summing up, English rogue literature lacks the marks of a deep crisis of social consciousness, manifested in the loss of basic moral values and in emphasis of disorder, chaos and amorality of life. Key words: English picaresque novel; modernization.Р. 109. Khandorin Vladimir G. Tomsk Polytechnic University. THE ROLE OF LIBERAL AND SOCIALIST PRESS UNDER THE DICTATORSHIP OF A.V. KOLCHAK. The periodical press of Siberia 1918-1919 is one of the sources, which reflect the attitude of different political parties and groups to the regime and policy of A.V. Kolchak. At the same time the attitude of the government of A.V. Kolchak to the press organs of different orientation and their place reflected the position of the White (Guard) dictatorship concerning the parties and groups. In contrast to the Soviet power, the government of A.V. Kolchak permitted independence of the press, but only in the confined frames. These frames were determined legally and politically. Bolshevik newspapers were forbidden, as well as the organs of the left-wing socialistic parties, which confronted the regime (the majority of socialist-revolutionaries andthe Mensheviks), and explicitly monarchic publications. Political spectrum of legal periodicals was represented by two main trends: liberals led by the Constitutional Democrats, who were the principal political support, and moderate socialists (eneses, a part of cooperators, most right-winged groups of socialist-revolutionaries and the Mensheviks), who were in opposition concerning several issues, but loyal to the regime, which, as they thought, was better in comparison with the Bolsheviks. A number of newspapers kept intermediate position reflecting the viewpoint of the moderate oblastniks. The criticism of the government was permitted only in certain frames. Some newspapers were closed because of the harsh and systematic attacks. In the atmosphere of stratocracy the criticism of the supreme ruler, the army command and the army was forbidden. The prohibition of the propaganda of the national remote areas self-determination was typical for the imperial ideology of the White. But discussions were permitted on a wide range of political and social issues. It is easily explained by taking into account the international public opinion and the government's interest in support of the friendly democratic nations of the Allies. Active support of the dictatorship regime, glorification of A.V. Kolchak and tendency to consolidation of the White movement were typical for liberal press. Socialist press often criticized the dictatorial style and methods of the government, isolation from wide social circles and narrowness of social support and wanted to convene the Constituent Assembly as soon as possible. In time of war liberals and socialists united in popularization of the Army of A.V. Kolchak. They also united when struggling against corruption. Liberal newspapers actively supported the government on the national issue. They also supported its position on the main points of 240social-economic program. On the contrary, socialist press criticized the government for moderation and lack of distinctness of laws and actions on the agrarian issue, asked for more active government's interfering into the economy. At that time its liberal opponents defended classical market principles. Liberal press played an active role in the development and propaganda of the White Movement ideology. Its position changed to the harsh criticism of the regime and demand of its democratization in the environment of A.V. Kolchak army collapse after the surrender of Omsk in November 1919, when it was too late. Comparison of the materials of Siberian periodical press of the times of A.V. Kolchak with other documents allows to disprove the stereotype underestimation of Kolchak as a politician, to trace the pragmatical approach to special problems and public positions of different social layers and political groups, whose interests were reflected in press, their evolution and mutual relations with the regime of military dictatorship, the position and role of the press under the power of Kolchak, to compare them with the position of press under the Soviet power. Under all the restraints the press liberty was wider under the power of Kolchak than in Soviet Russia where the building of the totalitarian system began. Key words: liberalism in Siberia; Revolution and Civil War.Р. 113. Shevelev Dmitriy N. Tomsk State University. THE ACTIVITIES OF INFORMATIVE AND CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT OF ADMIRAL A.V. KOLCHAK ON UNITING AND COORDINATING ANTIBOLSHEVIST PROPAGANDA (SPRING - AUTUMN 1919): INVENTING THE RUSSIAN PRESS BUREAU AND OSVEDVERH. The experience of the revolution and the Civil War in Russia has clearly demonstrated the significance of ideology and propaganda as a mobilizing factor, a tool of legitimation of power in the crucial moments of social life. Since May 1919 in Siberia there is a marked intensification of anti-Bolshevik propaganda, accompanied by a reorganization of the informative staff. This was due to several factors. First, Omsk politicians realize how poorly the governments, political and social circles of Western countries are informed about the events in Russia. Second, during this period the shape of the political program of the Omsk government became clearer. Third, by mid-May the Whites face a deteriorating situation at the front. Fourth, by mid-spring of 1919 the camp of anti-Bolshevik forces has the final political disengagement: moderate socialists are moving from the precarious coalition with the White movement to a policy of conditional support for the Bolshevik and Soviet authorities. Fifth, the failure of the front uncovered miscalculations and shortcomings in ideological work of the Russian government of Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak government and its propaganda apparatus. Sixth, the radical restructuring of the informative departments of The Headquarters and General Staff took place in connection with the general reorganization of the central military apparatus. By the summer of 1919 the central place in the Kolchak propaganda machine was taken by the Press Department of the Administration Council of Ministers, Informative Department of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief staff or abbreviated Osvedverh, as well as the Russian press bureau. The establishment of such large structures as the RPB and Osvedverh streamlined organization of state propaganda among the troops and the population and gave it considerable proportions. During summer and autumn of 1919 the ideological apparatus of the Omsk Government worked actively to "revive and strengthen the spirit of patriotism and national identity", "destruction of the influence of Bolshevik propaganda". At the same time, the activities of informative departments were poorly coordinated.Key words: Civil war; White movement; Siberia; Russian government of Admiral A.V. Kolchak; Osvedverh; Russian press bureau; propaganda.LAWР. 118. Akhmedshin Ramil L. Tomsk State University. INFLUENCE ON NEEDS OF THE CONDEMNED: GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND ALGORITHM. Considering the diverse nature of separate blocks, groups of needs, the article focuses on the general questions of influence on the structure of needs of the person serving sentence in the form of imprisonment. The measures of punishment with the purpose of positive transformations of the condemned are inefficient if in the course of realization they are focused on forming deficient needs of existence. The person cannot have these needs when dissatisfied with the need of existence. The nature of needs of the person in safety represents a homeostatic system; therefore, the condemned serving punishment should be placed in the conditions where the needs under consideration can be realized. Within the punishment process it is necessary to provide formation and satisfaction of needs in safety in two forms. It is need in safety both when and after serving the sentence. Need in belonging is not exclusively homeostatic in nature. Accordingly, influence on realizing the given need is not fraught for life and health of the condemned. It is necessary to consider that owing to the discreteness of homeo-heterostatic relations the extreme forms of influence on the need considered are admissible only during a short time period. Needs of the person are mainly of homeostatic or heterostatic nature. Within the process of the punishment focused on changing the personality of the condemned, the influence on homeostatic needs is inexpedient, as both their deficiency and proficiency do not actualise more complicated needs, which are a condition for the desirable, socially comprehensible transformation of the person condemned. Homeostatic needs should be satisfied to such an extent that needs of higher levels appear. Heterostatic needs by their nature assume a possibility of transformation of the personality. However, they are to be developed to the level of influencing the condemned person. Created and actualised heterostatic needs are object to target influence directed at transformation of the person. Influence forms can be both stimulation of the created needs, and their oppression. Key words: the condemned; punishment; fault.Р. 122. Voronin Oleg V. Tomsk State University. PRISON MONITORING ARRANGEMENT AFTER THE REFORMS OF ALEKSANDER II. The Criminal and Penal Legislation improvement as well as Prison and Justice Reforming Process provided further development of sentencing monitoring. The Public Monitoring Activity was arranged by the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century in the Russian Empire. It had a comprehensive character and included four main forms. These were non-governmental, departmental, prosecutorial, and trial activities. Each form had its own sphere of executing, instruments, content and institutional embodiment. At the same time the Prosecutor's Supervising served as the main tool, which provided the state policy in sentencing monitoring. The Non-governmental Control was executed by the Prison Care Society and its regional and local divisions. Its competence was framed by moral supervising of the prisoners' conduct. The Departmental Supervision was operated by prison inspectors; it focused on sentencing management and sentence executing itself. The sphere of the Control Activity of the Justice of the Peace was bounded by the legal reasons estimating of the jail and preliminary imprisonment. The Prosecutors' Supervision Activity included legal reasons estimating of the jail and preliminary imprisonment, too; and, in addition to this, it was to monitor the discipline practice inside prisons and sentencing241management, to provide the sentence executing and participate in sentence case trial hearings. At the same time the Prosecutor's Supervision served as the main tool, which ensured the state policy in sentencing monitoring. Further development of the mentioned monitoring forms provided the upgrading of the Prosecutors' Supervision, which enlarged the sphere of supervisory. Its enlarged sphere included legal estimating of the jail and preliminary imprisonment, sentencing monitoring and sentence execution p

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