?.pdf SUMMARIES OF THE ARTICLES IN ENGLISHPHILOLOGYР. 7. Dai Yingli. Tomsk Polytechnic University METAPHORICAL MODELLING OF IMAGES OF SPEECH AND THE SPEAKER IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LANGUAGE PICTURES OF THE WORLD. This article describes the ways and variations of image interpretation of the parole, the speech, the speaking person in the system of metaphorical nominations in Russian and Chinese. Some lexical units in which vocal sounding of a person has straight and metaphoric meaning were analysed. The analysed concept may be referred to verbalized, kaleidoscopic gestalt-concepts with universal and language-specific components of meaning. Interrelation of universal and language-specific components in the meaning structure is represented in a language in the form of conceptual metaphors. As far as it is the speaking activity, the parole, which is of great importance, this article shows the divergence of metaphorical interpretation of the conceptual cores (such as parole, speaking, speaking person), of the concept language in the Russian language picture of the world and in the Chinese one. Metaphorical interpretation of the Russian parole and that of the Chinese one differ in some aspects and at the same time have something in common. At the highest level of generalization, the common aspect of semantic models of speech image interpretation, first of all, is in the fact that in the compared languages this semantic sphere can be both a source-sphere and a target-sphere of metaphorical expansion. The difference between the languages from this point of view is the degree of relation type productiveness. For example, the Chinese verbs of speech are used as the target-sphere not so often in comparison with the Russian language. Just a few cases of animal sound metaphorical conceptualisation through the source-sphere speech, parole are fixed in the dictionaries, though these sense relations can be found. They are supported by myth images. The compared languages both characterize not only the form, but also the content of parole with the use of images. However, in this case similar traits of the form (sounding) and the parole content can be interpreted on the base of similar and different features. One more difference of the languages is the absence of singular metaphorical models in the compared languages. Metaphorical interpretations of speech, parole in Russian and Chinese have one more common trait, i.e. interpretation of some certain parole type with the use of the same image. Key words: metaphor; language picture of the world; Russian language; Chinese language; concept of language.Р. 10. Daniushina Yulia V. State University of Management (Moscow). DISCURSIVE STRATEGIES OF BUSINESS BLOGS. Theaim of this research is to describe the discursive strategies that determine the character of communicative interaction in the discourse of business blogs in English. The theoretical basis of the work is the use of traditional approaches to communicative (discursive) strategies and contextual macro-strategies by Western and Russian linguists (T. van Dijk, Y.Varzonin, V.Kashkin, E.Klyuev). The research is done on the material of a blog on the website of the famous U.S. business media - Harvard Business Review. Having analysed one of its threads, the researcher describes the discursive strategies of the initiating article (the narrative) and dialogical answering strategies of the opponent bloggers. Thus, in the beginning the following aspects are described: introducing thematic binary oppositions of the social actors under discussion, introducing the key semantic topic and forming a specific syntactic structure of the text. Then the researcher identifies and illustrates the ways of realization for the tree types of the bloggers' discursive strategies: 1. cooperative: a) agreeing with the author, usually accompanied with describing one's own experience and with thanks to the author or a positive evaluation of the article, b) asking the author to give his/her views on other issues, that is, indirect acknowledging that the author is right and his/her opinion is worth knowing, c) acknowledging that the author is right via comparing him/her with a famous expert; 2) argumentative (confrontational): a) disagreeing with the author, his/her opinion and conclusions, sometimes partially or disappointment; 3) self-presenting: a) broadening the theme and fact presenting, without subjective evaluating or direct agreeing / disagreeing with the author, b) an attempt to summarise the contents of the article basing on one's own opinions. This system can serve as a basis for classifying discursive strategies of current business blogging in English. Key words: discourse, business blog, communicative strategy, discursive strategy.Р. 16. Korenevskaya Olga V. Tomsk State University. RENDERING THE ORTHODOX-MARKED FOLK SPEECH IN GERMAN TRANSLATIONS OF F. DOSTOYEVSKY'S NOVEL THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV. The article represents a part of a comprehensive investigation of German translations of F. Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov on the basis of a cognitive-stylistic approach. One of the key elements of the novel's semantic structure, which accounts for the zone of intersection of the national worldview and the author's worldview, is the Orthodox worldview. One of its principal elements is the concept love, which finds a multifaceted realization in the direct speech of characters in Chapter Women of Faith. The concept is verbalized through such specific means bearing a national colouring as diminutive suffixes and frequent use of address forms. They both reveal the peculiar perception of the other in the mentality of the Orthodox believers, their constant need to have a responsive and empathizing heart nearby. Address forms are also often used with the diminutive suffixes, or otherwise signify the expression of love to the other. Statistical estimates have revealed different approaches of the translators to rendering the concept love in the direct speech of the characters. The greatest percent of omissions (10 out of 26 diminutive forms) is found in Hermann Röhl's translation (1924), whereas the translation by Hans Ruoff and Richard Hoffmann (1958) demonstrates the closest preservation of the abovementioned original stylistic means: diminutive suffixes are omitted in 3 cases only. Three translations are notable for untypical preservation of diminutive suffixes in the word minutočka, literally, a little minute. The author's neologism a three-year-old baby (trechletoček), also used in a diminutive form, has proven untranslatable. All translations show a relatively high degree of keeping the original functional role of address forms in the given chapter. A frequent way of compensating the means of rendering loving attitude is the use of the pronoun mein (my), which is particularly characteristic of Swetlana Geier's translation (2003). Ruoff and Hoffmann apparently aimed at bringing the Russian folk's speech patterns closer to the German usage by including the pronoun du (you) in many cases where it is absent in the original. In the earliest translation by E.K. Rahsin (1906) the address form to starets Zossima batjuška, which s literally translated as Little Father (Väterchen), is always substituted by a simple Father (Vater). Perhaps the translator wanted to avoid a possible derogation of Zossima. Generally, most address forms, including those particularly common in Russian colloquial speech, find adequate forms of substitution in German translations and are not bound to give rise to any misunderstanding. The analysis has demonstrated the256viability of the cognitive-stylistic approach to investigating the translations and revealed the special forms of clash between the Russian and the German cultures at a deeper semantic level. The translations dynamics points out the trend towards a more comprehensive and precise reproduction of the Orthodox component of the novel's semantic structure. Key words: The Brothers Karamazov; Orthodox Christianity; folk speech; translation.Р. 20. Mamina Tatyana V. Tomsk State University. COMMUNICATIVE AND DISCURSIVE FEATURES OF THE CONCEPTS OF THE SCRIPT CAREER. The script as one of the form of knowledge representation includes a variety of concepts that are united as parts in one implicative unity and that contain information about stereotypes peculiar for a cultural society in a certain situation. Studying the concept as a part of a script structure, we advert initially to its field structure where the nucleus is presented by a prototype image, i.e. an abstract sensible image that creates the basic layer of the concept. Further cognitive layers of the concept reflect the development of the concept in a human's consciousness, its interaction with other concepts. Interaction with other concepts in the process of communication, their grouping into a more difficult structure - a script - can be determined by the presence of the implicative potential that determines not only the concept-component combinability but also its place in the script. Therefore, in the framework of the script career that limits the concept realization by a stereotype situation the information from the nuclear and peripheral concept features is verbalized. The information of the first group becomes objective in set linguistic realizations such as idioms, phraseological units, most frequently used predicative constructions, revealing the features of the concept, direct associations etc. For instance, attributive collocations with a lexical unit company reflect an obligatory nuclear feature of a homonymous concept status, attractiveness of a potential place of work (in this case we have a company) for the agent of the script career that is determined first of all by the size of a company, by its achievements, reputation and territory where it is situated. In all the concepts that create the script career we can distinguish the representation of the information concerning the periphery of the concept and containing the ideas of a Russian native speaker about the agent of the script, about the development of the situation itself. The features describing the agent of the script career make objective direct characteristics of an active person (the agent) as well as the indication on these characteristics that define a person as an agent, i.e. the conditions of his/her introducing to the script or frame (if a person matches this condition, so he/she is the agent of the script career). Time characteristics determining the dynamics of the way of scheme representation source - way - aim and verbalizing the process are initially put in the script model of knowledge structuring as a mental structure for dynamic representation of a stereotype situation or stereotype behaviour. The feature of duration corresponds to the feature of quickness of a script situation that finds its linguistic representation in adverbs and adjectives. In this case our attention is concentrated on the combinability of these lexical units with verbal forms that have occurrence semantics. One of the methods of verbalization of a stereotype situation development is a metaphorical representation of a career process. Frequent verbalization of starting point of motions, purposefulness of motions, speed of motions and the result in the Russian linguistic culture let us form a metaphorical model: career (target) - sport (source). This cognitive metaphor can be represented in such words and word combinations as start (it represents a starting point), tempo, second wind, rapidly (it represents the process of achieving the target), success (it represents an award). Key words: cognitive model of script; ways of concept verbalization; implicative potential of concept.Р. 24. Sorokina Olga N. Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk). LANGUAGE REALIZATION OF CHINA IMAGE IN US MASS MEDIA: MODEL CHINESE ECONOMIC GROWTH. This article is devoted to the research of China image as a model created by US mass media in the public opinion. The author studies the most significant fragment of the image, called The Economic Growth of China. The author makes lexical analysis of this model and determines the main characteristics of the described object. The combination of these distinguished characteristics is the basis of the image of China in US mass media. Key words: China image; US mass media; model created; Chinese economic growth.Р. 30. Chulanova Anna P. Taganrog State Pedagogical Institute. SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF SPEECH COMPOUND SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPHS, DESCRIBING THE SAME OBJECTIVE SITUATION. Utterances, whose substantial equivalency or proximity is provided not only by syntactical, but also lexical means, have no paradigmatic relations, as they are not ready-made units of the language system. When describing individual combinations of language means of speech, expressing identical or close substance, the term non-system, dynamic synonymy can be applied. Key words: syntax paradigmatic; dynamic synonymy.PHILOSOPHY, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCESР. 33. Zinovieva Valentina I. Tomsk State University of Systems Control and Radioelectronics. SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR DISABLED STUDENTS IN A TECHNICAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS A THEME FOR GROUP PROJECT EDUCATION. Today the issue of overcoming social isolation of the disabled and including them into everyday life of the community is gaining greater significance. One of the main factors in solving this problem is accessibility of education, and specifically higher professional education. Many Western countries successfully realize the UN program Education for everyone, with the main directions being inclusive education, access on the basis of equal opportunity to high quality education and full development of human potential. This approach expands the possibilities to adapt the disabled to everyday life of the community from childhood to their employment. The latest works of Russian scientists also pay great attention to the idea of inclusive education, the way to implement it and challenges to overcome in Russian conditions. This issue is related to the growth of spiritual development level of the whole society, which depends on the socially useful activity of the population, institutions and social initiatives. Particularly, in the university environment, social adaptation of the disabled students is highly facilitated by the activity of the students in academic groups. The article reviews such kind of experience at a technical university. In 2006, within the innovative educational program under the national project Education and in connection with the introduction of the group project learning technique as students scientific and research activity, the Department of History and Social Work in TUCSR started a project Social adaptation support for the handicapped students in the institution of higher education. The aim of the project is to develop social support measures for this category of students. The project was planned for two years. Four third -year students of the Humanitarian faculty participated in the project. The participation in the project was their deliberate decision. During the project the students studied logical-structural projecting technique. The target group of the project was 27 handicapped students from different faculties of TUSUR. During the project the survey was held which showed that 257tolerant attitude towards the handicapped and readiness to accept them in the community is still a burning issue among the students. The participants of the project published their articles in the large-circulation newspaper Radioelectronic, took part in the competition of social advertisement, held theme exhibitions and did a course on the original program by a psychologist M.P. Shulmin 7 skills for highly effective people. The students also organized psychological and pedagogical trainings, both with target groups of the handicapped and their academic groups. The activity under project facilitated the development of professional competence of the future social workers, communication and teamwork skills. Key words: disabled students; non-barrier environment; inclusive education; public opinion; social adaptation.Р. 35. Karvounis Yulia A. Tomsk State University. SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AVATON OF MOUNT ATHOS IN MODERN EUROPEAN CULTURAL SPACE. In the article an attempt is made of socio-philosophical analysis of the phenomenon avaton of the Holy Mount Athos (Greece) in its relationship with the European Union. An example of a conflict of modern secular society and the traditions of Eastern Christianity is considered. Key words: avaton; secularisation; Mount Athos.Р. 39. Kirilenko Yulia .N. Tomsk State University. PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSION OF RITUAL: RITUAL AS A LANGUAGE GAME. The present article describes the phenomenon ritual with relation to modern philosophical discourse. The categories ritual and the adjoining categories rite and ceremony are distinguished. Ritual is a junction to super reality; rite is a junction, too, but a junction to members of social group, not to super reality. From a certain viewpoint we can say that rite is a form of ritual, but it does not reflect the essence of the ritual. Rite can be considered as one of the elements of the ritual. In this case, ritual is divisible into two component parts: the rite - when members of the ritual join a community; and the internal part - when members of the ritual join super reality and they are united by a sacred symbol. Ceremony is a variety of rite and has all its characteristics, but it is more solemn. Also in human consciousness ceremony is associated with the religious sphere to a lesser degree. Ritual is also examined as a language game. It can be analysed at three levels - semantic, syntactic and pragmatic. Ritual as a language has ideal schemes that can change in practical realisation. We can study two levels of ritual as a language game: the ideal schemes and practical displays of language games, which differ in connotations. But a ritual differs from other language games. The language of ritual always leads to human unity in a common historical time and space. Correspondingly, any member should understand the language game of ritual, because it addresses to the symbolic universe and our subconsciousness. The result of the ordinary language game is impossible to forecast. But ritual is a strict formalized convention; it has a predictable result defined from the very beginning. A casual observer, not participating in ritual can misunderstand the language game of ritual. Participants of the ritual process understand it by intuition or with the help of a mediator (priest, clergyman or other). In that case the aim of researchers is to explicate the rules and conventions of the language game of ritual. But to solve these tasks it is necessary to pick out universal structures of ritual acts. It is possible in the framework of language philosophy. Studying ritual as a language game is impossible without discourse-analysis, which allows reaching integrity in research of ritual. Key words: ritual; rite; ceremony; language game.Р. 43. Kushnarenko Yana V. Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Information Sciences (Novosibirsk). VALUES AND THE PRINCIPLE OF THE SUBJECT-OBJECT OPPOSITION. The aim of this article is to reveal the character of the correlation between the concept value and the principle of the subject-object opposition. The specification of this aim is the following: what are the conditions for this correlation? What is the nature of values, revealing themselves when we value something, i.e. within the subject-object opposition? Is the subject the source of values? How should we understand the loss of essentiality of the subject and values in the western philosophy of 16th-19th centuries? This article has the following structure:1..The author states the correlation between the concept value and the principle of the subject-object opposition. The author challenges the thesis: a transcendental subject is the source of value.2.The author analyses Kant's definition of value, reason and will. According to Kant, both the a priori synthesis and the action of the moral legislation as the highest value belong to the level of the essence of reason. Far from being the source of values, reason in Kant's philosophy does not manage an a priori synthesis and the moral legislation. In this sense, a reasonable being is not free and is not a personality.3.The author expounds Gartman's and Scheler's criticism of Kant's transcendental subject. The conclusion is the following: causes of defects of transcendental subject are defined wrongly. Axiologies by Gartman, Scheler and Kant do not reveal the subject as a personality and as a free subject. The subject (its essence and its qualities) in the subject-object opposition is equal to the object. The subject cannot manage its own activities.4.The author formulates the methodological basis of Holy Father's anthropology. It differentiates the essence, the act and the person. This methodology allows defining the difference between animate and inanimate objects, reasonable and unreasonable beings and to substantiate the subject's pretension to be the basis for the cognition as a free personality.5.The author criticizes the scheme of the genesis of the concept value, which is used by modern axiology. The author specifies themeaning of the concept loss of essentiality by the subject and by values. The theoretical loss of essentiality of the subject and valueshas the following ground: philosophers forget the peculiarity of the human essence and its origins. This results in the fact that in modernaxiology values lost their true essentiality. The overcoming of the principle of the subject-object opposition in philosophical theories ofthe 20th c. was not supposed to be the overcoming of the loss of essentiality of the subject and values.6..The author expounds her own view on the character of the correlation of the concept value and the principle of the subject-object opposition. The meaning of the first part of this opposition compelled philosophers to study the subject carefully. The issue about the essence of the value is the issue about the subject's essentiality. What is the arrangement of the subject as the basis? Does this arrangement include aims and values, meanings and guides? What is their nature? These issues give rise to axiology as a theory.7.The author states the scheme of the development of the axiological thought as a system of brief answers to the following questions: what are the essentialities of the value and of the subject?Key words: value; transcendental subject; the subject-object opposition; axiology; reasonable being.Р. 48. Ladov Vsevolod A. Tomsk State University. LOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORMAL REALISM. Different kinds of paradoxicality and various interpretations of the foundation of logical paradoxes are considered in the article. The results of this research are important for clarification of logical foundations of formal realism as a new onto-epistemological conception in analytic philosophy and 258philosophy of science. Formal realism is built on the basis of criticism of relativistic ways of argumentation in ontology and epistemology. Relativism is estimated as contradictory. Relativistic argumentation in its consequences has a paradoxical situation in thought and language. However, the concept of paradoxicality demands more careful explanation because different kinds of paradoxicality and different interpretations of foundation of logical paradoxes are discovered in the tradition of analytic philosophy (the system of formal realism uses resources of analytic philosophy, first of all). Formal realism poses difficult onto-epistemological questions concerning existence of different kinds of essences and possibility of adequate knowledge of the essences without reply. It does not mean that the questions are estimated as unimportant. It rather means that answering the questions is put off. Formal realism gives a right to consider the matters to further concrete epistemological study. And the heuristic power of formal realism for ontology and epistemology consist in confrontation to antirealism. Formal realism, metaphorically, is research and clearing of space before construction works. It is decision on the foundations of rational philosophy. Formal realism does not reject situations of pluralism, conventions, and pragmatic actions in knowledge processes. Formal realism does not deny the difficulty of the task of attainment of the objective truth and the necessary knowledge. Formal realism simply opposes the most radical antirealist thesis. In accordance with the thesis we must reject the ideal of the objective truth as a regulative principle of knowledge at all. Formal realism asserts that refusal leads thought to a dead end. Key words: paradox; reference; semantics; language; rationality; realism; relativism.Р. 56. Panova Olga B. Tomsk State University. PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURE IN METAPHYSICAL SEARCH. ARTICLE 1. CULTURE AS A PRODUCT OF MIND. METAPHYSICS OF CLASSICAL TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY. Metaphysical search of modern philosophy of culture supposes constant address to the rich historical and philosophical experience of metaphysics, which has been accumulated during many thousands years of development of the human culture, and to the advanced metaphysical programs. It is the viewpoint of thorough consideration of possible variants of metaphysics suggested by philosophical thinking and revelation of their significance at the recent stage of creating metaphysics of culture that allows posing and defusing the problem of metaphysical grounds and origins of Culture. Accordingly, understanding of philosophy of culture appears as a vast, all-embracing philosophical trend that has a centuries-old history dating back to the high antiquity, ancient origins of the human thought, which is compared to the history of human development at large. In the capacity of the fundamental metaphysical program, philosophical sciences distinguish the traditional classical metaphysical program, developed by Parmenides in his substantial philosophical work; the ancient Greek Elea School; Plato's idealism; logical and metaphysical investigations by Aristotle; Descartes' rationalism, which had been perfected by Kant and German transcendental philosophy during the Age of the Enlightenment. Transcendental idealism always preserves its undying meaning for philosophers and, at the same time, evokes the need of rethinking of and searching for other ways of development of philosophical thought being transformed per se into a continuous trend of transcendental philosophy of culture. Present-day philosophy of culture should not be simply based on philosophical and anthropological achievements of the classic. It originated from the tradition of classical philosophy and transcendental idealism in its classical modification because it represents the value of Culture in itself and remembers the deep human need in comprehension of their being, the rationale for their life, the perfection as an aspiration for the ideal of Humanity, creation as transformation of the World. With due regard for the topicality of interpreting Culture as a dynamically developing universe and the Vital Human World, the principle of philosophy of culture should begin from a conclusion about the Humanity -the way Plato, Descartes, Kant and others imagined it - from the objective reality in the ideal world, the world of the Absolute, the Unity of the Truth, the Good, and the Beauty. Key words: human; culture; metaphysics of culture; unity; transcendental philosophy; transcendental subject; transcendental ability.Р. 61. Redko Olga V. Kemerovo State University of Culture and Arts. RHETORIC AS A VALUE. It is necessary to start considering the problem of the rhetoric axiological essence by answering the question about the subject of consideration, i.e. if rhetoric does have any axiological essence, if it is of any value as a human activity. This problem was major in rhetoric even at the time of its beginning, in the ancient world. That is why it is so important and interesting to retrace the logic and arguments of the views on the question by ancient philosophers. Firstly, it is Plato's attitude denying rhetoric if it is not aimed at the attainment of the truth and does not follow one and the only logic of its attainment. Secondly, it is Aristotle's attitude recognizing the importance of rhetoric as a necessary means of achieving an ethically correct solution to social issues. Thirdly, it is Cicero's attitude recognizing the great importance of rhetoric for social life and the necessity for orators to be guided by the achievements of social studies. And the last is the attitude of Plato's opponents in their dialogues Gorgias and Phaedrus as well as Antony in the first and in the beginning of the second book of Cicero's dialogue On the Orator. According to this attitude rhetoric is extremely important as a means of ensuring citizens' interests in society without paying attention to the truth or ethic of rhetorical devices, but to their efficiency only. Axiological essence of these and some other approaches becomes the subject of another research. However, having analysed the attitudes to rhetoric offered by the ancient philosophers, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the most important thing for revealing axiological essence of the orator's attitude is examination of orator's intentions. The second important question is what should (in the orator's opinion) mostly guarantee the success of the speech. And finally, the third important aspect of revealing axiological essence of the orator's attitude is estimation of axiological orientation of specific rhetorical devices. Key words: axiological content; rhetorical position; rhetorical situations and receptions.CULTUROLOGYР. 65. Bukina Anastasia G. The State Hermitage Museum (Saint Petersburg). CORINTHIAN PAINTED POTTERY WITH PAINTING IN SILHOUETTE STYLE IN THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM. The author of this article considers the current classification of the Corinthian pottery with painting in silhouette style (late 8th to 5th centuries BC). The parallel use of two variants of the main term during 1930-1950s was remarked: the subgeometric style (H. Payne, S. Weinberg, W. Kraiker), the silhouette style (A. Stillwell, R. Hopper). On the other hand, the only definition silhouette style was observed in the publications of 1960-1990s. The evolution of the chronology of the silhouette style was indicated (no later than the Early Corinthian in Payne's opinion; during the entire Proto-Corinthian and Late Corinthian periods by Hopper). The works of J. Benson (1970-1980s) are of exceptional methodological importance. The author of the present study adheres to his approaches based on the comparative stylistic analysis. Nineteen pieces from the collection of The State Hermitage Museum (partly with documented archaeological origin from the North Black Sea) were attributed using this method. Moreover, it became possible to define works by five or six different painters/groups. The latest of all the Hermitage259items in silhouette style is a pyxis, bought from a private source. Apparently, this pyxis was excavated somewhere in the North BlackSea area. The item is the latest among all the items in the silhouette style known from the excavations in the North Black Sea area atpresent. The importance of the shape as the main criterion for dating the Corinthian pottery irrespective of style of painting has beenstressed. In the conclusion, the author notes that more than 3% of all the Corinthian painted pieces from the North Black Sea are made inthe silhouette style in the Hermitage Museum, but these items form not more than 2.5% of the entire collection of the Corinthian paintedpottery.Key words: Ancient Greece; The North Black Sea region; Corinthian painted pottery; silhouette style; The State Hermitage Museum.Р. 72. Ivanova Svetlana V. Academic Musical College of Moscow P.I. Tchaikovsky Conservatory. ON WOMEN-CHURCH SONGWRITERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES. This article is devoted to the image of women's creativity in the church music culture of the Middle Ages. Personalities of women-authors such as Kassia and Hildegard von Bingen are in the centre of attention here. Dame Elpis, Mechthild, Hadewijch of Brabant, Blanche de Castile and others are also mentioned in this text. This work is the first attempt to embrace women's compositions of this period to fill in the gaps of literature in Russian. Historical and social aspects are especially important for the author. The author observes some unknown names of women composers of that century and their biographical details, to reconstruct the picture of social status of women-authors and to describe some types of their creative activity. It is clear from the text of this article that church composers of that historical period belonged to the type of songwriters, because the synthetic nature of creativity was typical for them: it is known that almost all church composers created not only music compositions but also literary texts. Songwriters belonged to different social classes. Most of them were professed. Music compositions of women-clerks were used for practical purposes - their music was performed during services in convents. This explained the limited rotation of nuns' compositions within narrow situational frames, the space of church. They also composed music orientated to professional skills of musicians of a convent. The genres of their creativity were defined by the music traditions and ceremonies of the Catholic Church. All the music they created is connected with religious themes and is generally represented by hymns, songs and psalms; although these authors created larger compositions, such as masses and musical dramas, too. It is typical for women-authors to use some specific female themes and images in their works that were not appropriate for men-authors. In the conclusion, the author emphasises the fact that music creativity of women-clerks of the Middle Ages was recognized by contemporaries and played an important role later in the future. Key words: the Middle Ages; women - church songwriters; Kassia; Hildegard von Bingen.Р. 79. Kokhanova Olga V. Kemerovo State University of Culture and Arts. ON FORMING CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC FEATURES OF THE ART NOUNEAU IN NATIONAL INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY. The given article analyses the historiography of national musical aesthetics from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1940s in the cultural and historical context of the Age of Art Nouveau. The period under discussion is important for research because creative achievements of that time have defined the development of arts in the 20th century. During this time the world saw Russia's masterpieces in various fields: science, philosophy, public thought, literature, painting, music. The first half of the century is one of the most important stages of formation and development of musical aesthetics. Art historians and critics characterize artworks of that period in their connection with historical events. Aesthetical criteria, which later became associated with the term Art Nouveau, are specified. Traditions of this style, as it is known, began to form in the Age of Enlightenment and are defined more exactly at present. The author states that the origin of modernist tendencies is connected with cultural and historical events that took place in Russia. The analysis of works of researchers V.G. Karatygin and B.V. Asafiev is based on symphonic artworks of the prominent composers: A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich. The author notes a specific dialogue: the opinions of the two critics correlate with the ideas and artistic principles of artworks under analysis. A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, and D. Shostakovich are considered as trendsetters in the area of musical art nouveau, they were able to sense changes in social life and national culture more acutely than the others. The article examines the traditional art nouveau problem of arts synthesis not in the context of academism opposing avant-gardism, but from the standpoint of formation of public taste with the help of the musical critical thought. The author proves that in the conditions of a profound crisis in culture, intellectual and creative ferment, only national musical criticism could give objective and adequate appraisal of the most original events in music and support innovative aspirations, thus shaping the newest tendencies in the sphere of style, image-bearing content, means of musical expressiveness. Artistic ideas of composers and opinions of critics are aligned in the consistent counterpoint. Similarities and distinctive features in the critics' research works are elicited by comparative analysis. The author compares some aspects of their research, argues the influence of creative achievements of the prominent composers on aesthetics of the Age of Art Nouveau during the whole 20th century. Key words: the Age of Art Nouveau; cultural and historical context; historical parallels; musical aesthetics; symphonic creativityР. 83. Smirnov Mikhail A. Tomsk State University. EVALUATION OF HETEROGENEOUS SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENA AS CULTUROLOGICAL PROBLEM. The paradigm of cultural relativism appeared as an alternative of evolutionism in culturology in the middle of the 20th century. Cultural relativism admits that any culture has a right to be unique. But must this position be accepted without any exceptions or does it have some limits? For instance, what about such odious (in our view) elements of certain cultures as cannibalism and totalitarianism? Today it is a widespread tendency in philosophy to contrapose rationalism (declaring it the epistemological and ideological incarnation of authority and unification) and the pluralistic approach to personalities and local cultures. This position is typical for post-structuralism; and the foremost target for such accusations is classical rationalistic philosophy. On the other hand, ruthless criticism regarding post-structuralism and postmodernism is no less (and even more) widespread today; and it frequently comes along with the denial of tolerance per se on the plea of defending traditional, panhuman or supreme values. But is it really true that rationalism, scientific and philosophical objectivism are opposed to pluralism and cultural relativism? And is it really true that irrationalistic voluntarism is equal to the latter? Is it possible to find some objective approaches to evaluating heterogeneous cultural phenomena? Or all we can expect in this sphere is subjective preferences or appellations to some systems of beliefs and directives, which cannot be rationally grounded? Essentially, this is a question on the possibility of objective evaluation of values and norms since they express the phenomena of cultural diversity. Radical adherents of non-cognitivism usually extend it to a rather broad and dissimilar aggregate of phenomena - from immediate personal affects to state legal norms, from aesthetical preferences to ethical principles. Logic-semantic analysis of the categories value, norm and evaluation in this article allows concluding that, although the phenomenon of values has non-cognitive nature per se, objective evaluation of heterogeneous socio-cultural phenomena is possible, because the category human welfare, though relative in its concrete value realizations, can serve as the objective criterion for such evaluation from the viewpoint of humanism. Key words: values; norms; evaluation; culture.260HISTORYР. 87. Andronova Larisa A. Tomsk State University. PARTIES IN TRADITIONAL KOREA: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT. The author analyses the problem of forming of party origins in traditional Korea society. The research on proto-party groups began from the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea (1st c. BC - 7th c. AD) when different clans or different pretenders of one clan struggled between each other. Due to the absence of a centralized government a lot of great families tried to seize the power. At that time some traditions of proto-party groups were formed: the tendency of regionalism and short periods of a political group cycle. During the Kingdom of Goryeo (10th - 15th centuries) the practice of military take-overs was formed. These experiences of military take-overs were sealed in people's memory, became the base for its following use in political practice and formed the image of the special military mission in Korean history. Also at that time a new social class was formed: it consisted of small and middle officialdom from province. In the middle of the 14th century two political groups struggled: they differed in social base (old aristocrats with land and new bureaucracy), in ideology (Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism), in view on the government structure. Despite the new level of proto-party groups, the methods of political struggle were similar to those in the past: denunciations, assassinations, coups d'états. The factionalism, or the party was one of the most typical features in the Joseon's dynasty (1392-1897). The party became the new pattern of the political culture of traditional Korea. The party had its followers. It was of influence not only in the capital but also in the provinces. The institute had an amorphous structure consisting of the core (the most influential and established yangban) and some clienteles. The cause of the party differentiation was the struggle for government posts. As a result of traditional political groups and parties research we can emphasize the following features of the oriental party: the absence of difference of opinions on domestic policy (the causes of conflicts between parties were international affairs or ethics and philosophy discussions); the social base of the party consisting of aristocrats and bureaucracy (the patron-client system). The key goals of such a party were the influence on the king or receiving the top appointment. The final feature is its weak institutional structure: splits were frequent because of internal tensions. Key words: party (dang); Korea; traditional society; political culture.Р. 91. Afanasiev Aleksandr L. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics. TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES OF TOMSK PROVINCE IN 1900-1911. Modern Russia needs to change destructive alcoholic policy. The objective of the article is to study historical counteraction experience of the society to withstand alcoholic threat. The goal of the article is to summarize the data about spontaneous pubic organizations - temperance societies in one of the largest provinces - Tomsk province in 1910-1911 (Its territory covered the area of modern Republic of Altai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions of Russia and East-Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan). A short review of the activity of the societies from 1900 to 1917 is also presented. The sources of information used are: the reports of the secretaries of spiritual consistories (the Russian State Historical Archive), regulations and reports of the societies, periodicals and 1911 reference book by I.P. Mordvinov, an outstanding temperance movement personality. The set of sources is sorted under a special questionnaire card. The obtained results are as follows: in the late 1910 - early 1911 there were 27 temperance movements in the region with 2000-2500 members. 25 societies (96.3%) belonged to the church, i.e. operated at orthodox cathedrals; some of them had regulations approved by eparchial authorities. One society (3.7%) was operating under regulations approved by civil authorities. 22 organizations (81.5%) were located in villages and 5 (18.5%) - in towns. Most societies were located in three southern densely populated agricultural uyezds (districts) in the Altai. All of the seven known leaders of the societies were priests. The majority of the members were peasants. In the towns of Tomsk and Biysk they were unqualified workers. Most of the societies enrolled their members or took sobriety vows in the cathedral. 16 organizations conducted religious and moral anti-alcohol lectures, five had libraries or reading rooms, two organized sermons and discussions, distributed special literature and issued information lists, one society in Tomsk had a secondary school for young people and adults, one paid benefits to the needy. The number of abstainers relative to all the population was not great, but the societies had an important role of cultural landmarks, facilitating people seeking physical and spiritual health and comfortable living. They presented valuable experience of local self-administration at the level of church parish, village community and improved the situation as a whole. For example, in the village of Ridderskoe, Zmeinogorsky uyezd, a local wine store was closed by the order of the parish meeting. In the village of Lozhkinskoe, Biysk uyezd, the celebrations were cancelled which were accompanied by many days of mass drinking. Key words: temperance societies; temperance movement; history; church; peasantry; schools; Siberia; Kazakhstan.Р. 95. Zelyak Vitaliy G. North-Eastern State University (Magadan). MINING DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH-EAST IN 1930-1960S: DALSTROEVSKAYA AND SOVNARKHOZNAYA MODELS. The author of the article compares two models of industrial activity realized by the government in the Russian North-East during 1930-1960s. As the analytical results the author defined the characteristic features of both of them. For the dalstroevskaya model these are extraordinary powers in subordinated territory; the integrated character of Dalstroy activity, covering all the spheres of the public life of the region; significant state financing; mainly injurious mining of the gold deposits; development of the mono-branch specialization in regional economy; a large-scale use of compulsory work of unskilled prisoners; the prevalence of compulsory methods of work stimulation; a widespread system of punishments for failing the plan; minimization of expenses on the social infrastructure and accident prevention; a system of northern privileges to attract free-hiring workers; extremely negative influence on ecology. The sovnarkhoznaya model features are large economic powers and submitting to the regional Communist party organs simultaneously; the limited state's assignments for gold mining with liquidation of inefficient objects; using free-hiring workers and economic measures of work stimulation; consecutive efforts for decreasing the number of accidents and diseases on the mining objects; a complex and fast intrusion of new mechanisms and technologies; successful development of gold mining by the prospectors; negative influence on ecology; large-scale housing construction and creation of more comfortable living conditions for the workers. Both models were objectively directed at industrial development of the Russian North-East. As a whole they solved the main task - the greatest possible extraction of gold. However, the sovnarhoznaya model showed an opportunity of realization of state tasks without repressions and large-scale use of compulsory work of prisoners. But later the monobranch specialization in regional economy was not corrected. In 1990s it resulted in a serious socio-economic crisis in the region. Key words: gold mining industry; Dalstroy; Magadan sovnarkhoz.Р. 99. Mukaeva Larisa N. Gorno-Altaisk State University. FORMATION OF THE PRE-SOVIET SYSTEM OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN GEOLOGY. The article deals with the formation of the system of training geology and mining specialists, who261worked in the Altai during the second half of the 18th century. It also highlights the history of establishing mining and metallurgical schools and Barnaul and St. Petersburg mining professional school. Key words: mining school; geology.Р. 103. Churkina Natalya I. Omsk State Pedagogical University. PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON: STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND MISSION IN THE SOCIETY. The article proves the necessity of going beyond the frames of the traditional approach to pedagogical education and its consideration as a part of professional education only. The study of the notions, included as a compound of the concept, has shown that most of the scientists of the present and of the past regard education as a significant factor of socio-cultural development. This fact positions pedagogical education in a new perspective in relation to socio-cultural processes. In the author's interpretation, pedagogical education stands out as a socio-cultural phenomenon since it represents an outcome of historical development of the society and culture, a mechanism of maintenance and transmission of socio-cultural pedagogical experience with the purpose of adjustment of moral grounds (of the society, the person) to the socio-cultural alterations through the professional pedagogical community, and the process of pedagogue's formation through a special system of continuing professional pedagogical education. This definition, aside from the traditional one, determines broad socio-cultural functions of pedagogical education: cultural (adaptation, revision and transmission of culture in general and of pedagogical culture, in particular); socio-historical (maintenance and development of the national system of education and learning); identificational (social and professional selection, adequate for the socio-political structure of the society); enlightening (development, scientifically reasoned modernization and transmission of contemporary principles of education and training, adequate for the Russian socio-cultural space through pedagogical community). The potential for the influence of pedagogical education on the development of the socio-cultural space of a country and a region poses a new mission onto pedagogical education, which would consist in maintenance, development and modernisation of the national education system for the purpose of development and reinforcement of the human capital. In the conclusion of the article an inference has been made that the whole history of pedagogical education formation and development demonstrates the close connection of this segment of education with socio-cultural processes. Moreover, it was pedagogical education that in certain periods became a significant factor of social and cultural development. It proves the validity and appropriateness of the declared functions and missions of pedagogical education. The proposed approach will enable pedagogical education not only to survive as an independent structure but also to constantly develop itself, while modernising the society. Key words: pedagogical education; socio-cultural space; mission of pedagogical education; context.Р. 108. Shevelev Dmitriy N. Tomsk State University. THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INFORMATIVE AND CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT OF ADMIRAL A.V. KOLCHAK ON UNITING AND COORDINATING ANTIBOLSHEVIST PROPAGANDA (SPRING - AUTUMN 1919): THE DEPARTMENTAL AND INTERDEPARTMENTAL MEETINGS. An important feature of the Russian Civil War was the underlying clash of political beliefs, the conflict of ideologies. It was this ideological rift of social forces, which involved many millions of the inhabitants of the great empire, that gave the opposition a particularly violent and uncompromising character. In the early 1919, Omsk Government and the Headquarters had rather branched information and propaganda bodies. As a part of the Administration Council of Ministers, there was a press department (headed by A.I. Mankiewicz). The press department and a number of ministries were functioning. The military department had an informant department and a press department at the General Headquarters. In late January at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander a Special Office was formed (Oskanverh), headed by Captain P.N. Zubov. Propaganda (information) departments were functioning with the headquarters of separate armies; in early March, they were converted to special office (oskanarmy). In these conditions, there was a deliberate and systematic work to streamline and harmonize the activities of all promotional agencies of the Omsk Government, to outline their powers. The main form of coordination of anti-Bolshevik propaganda in the east of Russia in the spring and autumn of 1919 were departmental and interdepartmental meetings. On March 7, 1919 The Council of Ministers of the Omsk Government issued a decree on the establishment of a permanent Conference for the press. On the territory of the Volga, the Urals and Siberia, the Conference led all the publications. It defined a common government policy in the field of print, provided financial support for newspapers, magazines and publishers of the official directions, dealt with personnel issues, led the advocacy work abroad. During the spring and autumn of 1919 there were several inter-agency meetings organized by the military propaganda (the Press Department of the General Staff, Osvedverh) and the Russian press bureau. At these meetings, the issues particularly related to the spread of agitation and propaganda among the troops and the population were discussed. However, with all the initiatives, the real unification and harmonization of informative, cultural, educational and publishing trends in the activity of Kolchak's propaganda did not happen. The main obstacle was the lack of a comprehensive political program and a coherent ideological doctrine, which deprived the Omsk propaganda workers of the very basis for their activities.Key words: the Civil war; the White movement; Siberia; Meeting on press affairs; informative bodies; cultural and educational zations; propaganda.LAWР. 114. Akhmedshin Ramil L. Tomsk State University. CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS. Criminal psychology historically is the basic theoretical section of legal psychology. The subject of criminal psychology is mental laws arising and existing in the system person - crime. The given section of legal psychology investigates problems of the nature of criminal behaviour, criminal motivation, group criminality, formation of criminal installations and, maybe, criminal mentality as a whole. The traditional problems of legal psychology are studying the personality of the criminal; researching the role of the personal and situational factor in the criminal event; research of criminal consequences for the person who committed a crime, the victim, the society; studying the possibility of correcting criminal intentions, its expediency and efficiency; integration of psychological knowledge of the personality of the criminal into other legal sciences; compromise searching between the ethical, socio-political and scientific bases of studying of the criminal's personality. There is specificity in the use of separate psychological methods at solving problems of criminal psychology. Thus, legal psychology borrows research methods of general psychology due to sufficient similarity of the object of research. The situation with criminal psychology is different. The opposition of the researcher and the researched makes application of the majority of the known methods ineffective. Criminalistics and legal psychology have long studied the criminal's personality. However, if to analyse262organidynamics of researches with a high degree of reliability it is possible to draw a conclusion on the decrease of efficiency of the given research. The techniques used in modern criminalistic and psychological sciences based on the data about the criminal's personality are basically borrowed (the technique of construction of a psychological profile of an unknown criminal, the technique of geographical profiling, the technique of statements analysing). The idea of unity, interconnection and complementarity of the biological, social and individually psychological factors of human behaviour helps in solving the problem at the theoretical level. But how true is the given position? Does it contradict the thesis about the necessity of evolutionary specialization? Is this thesis a vivid example of the simplified sesquicentennial approach? It seems the answer is affirmative to all these questions. Key words: criminal psychology; the person of the criminal.Р. 118. Korchagin Andrey A. Altai State University (Barnaul). DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FORENSIC DESCRIPTION OF MURDER CASE JUDICIAL INVESTIGATION. The article is devoted to the topical problem of the use of criminalistic recommendations in the court at legal investigation of murder cases. At present criminalist scientists have no common opinion about the possibility and necessity of using criminalistic data in the court. At the same time, as research of practice of inquiry on murder cases indicates, it is rather difficult to achieve the goals of a criminal court proceeding without criminalistic recommendations. The Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation admits investigative actions during the trials for criminal cases including the murder. Yet the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation does not give concrete tactical recommendations of their use to the court or to parties of a lawsuit. This task is for criminalistics to fulfil. Criminalistic characteristics of judicial investigation on murder cases can be defined as scientifically generalised information and a system of knowledge of forming judicial situations and disposition of cases with the help of criminalistic methods in the court with parties of a lawsuit - the judicial process participants, who perform functions of accusation or defence on the basis of the adversarial character of the parties. The content of criminalistic description includes the notion and content of criminalistic description of judicial investigation and its correlation with the criminalistic description of preliminary investigation; investigatory situations; investigatory versions and planning of judicial investigation; tactics of conducting of investigative actions in the court; tactical methods, tactical operations and tactical combinations that can be used in the court; specifics of interaction of judicial investigation participants. The criminalistic description of judicial examination slowly becomes a recognised concept. Alongside with the criminalistic descriptions of investigation and crime, it forms the structure of the methodology of crime investigation. Thus, the elements of the criminalistic description of judicial investigation of murder cases are the concept and the content of criminalistic description of judicial examination, its parity with criminalistic description of preliminary investigation; investigatory situations; investigatory versions and judicial examination planning; tactics of carrying out of investigatory actions in the court; tactical moves, operations and combinations applied in the court; features of interaction of judicial examination participants. Key words: criminalistic description of crime; criminalistic description of investigation; judicial investigation; judicial situations; planning of investigation.Р. 122. Ostapovich Igor Yu. Gorno-Altaisk State University. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN, ITS CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS. The article explains the reasons why the Constitutional Council, instead of the old Constitutional Court, was established. The Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of presidential government is the optimal model of the body, called to be on guard of the constitutional legitimacy. It serves as the original legislative filter aside the political fights. It is shown that originally the status of the Constitutional Council was fixed in the Decree of the RK President of December 29th, 1995 On the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan, published in the provisions of the Constitution. Later the Constitutional law is passed On the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan» where its status is fixed in Article 1; it is a state structure providing leadership of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan on all its territory. When executing its powers, it is a separate institution independent of other state structures, organisations, officials and citizens, subordinate to the Constitution of the Republic and unbiased. The structure and the order of formation of the Constitutional Council and its functions and powers are analysed. The comparative analysis with the Constitutional Council of France (since the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan is its borrowed analogue) is carried out. Summing up, the author makes a conclusion that questions of creation and powers of the RK Constitutional Council are a subject of constitutional regulation; the order of its organisation and activity is specified by the Constitutional law; certain problems of the constitutional processing are exclusively solved by the Regulations of the Constitutional Council; the aspects of activity of the Constitutional Council are concretised by the laws of the Republic; some organizational questions concerning the Constitutional Council are settled at the level of the Parliament's decisions. Key words: constitutional process; formation and powers of the Constitutional Council.Р. 126. Pesenkova Diana P. Tomsk State University. METHODOLOGICAL VALUE OF KNOWLEDGE ON CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONS IN FORENSIC CRIME INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES. In modern times, the formation and development of scientific knowledge of criminalistics relies on the doctrine of causation. Knowledge on the cause-effect connection is actively used in forensic methodology as the contemporary understanding and the perpetuation of the idea of causality in scientific and everyday consciousness needs an in-depth review of this idea. In modern forensic science the notion of the process of crime disclosure and investigation involves the establishment of cause-effect relations. This approach dictates the need to develop tools and methods for their study; causes an attentive attitude to the issue of causation in the scientific and practical aspects; and requires further improvement of the existing methods of its application. The previous theoretical knowledge of causality expresses causal relationship as the relation of cause and effect. In modern conditions of development of social sciences, legal frameworks and public life it helps understand only the external source of legal phenomena and processes. However, it is not enough for forensic investigations with investigation techniques for a specific type of crime, because when investigating and solving crimes from this position only a few causal relations are revealed and the knowledge of the past events, its mechanism is not complete. Speaking of forensic knowledge of causation, it seems correct to consider it as an interaction. This approach allows disclosure of internal content through causal interaction that reveals the originality of the ratio of its components and understands its mechanism. This will deepen our understanding of the event side of the crime, its mechanism. This enables us to examine the causal relations within crime investigation techniques as a systematizing criterion for the innermost structure techniques of the specific type of crime. The knowledge of causation here has integrating value linking the structural elements of all components in the system of forensic crime investigation techniques and serve as an epistemological basis of the retrospective263process of cognition (investigation). This knowledge of causation is defined as the system-forming centre of methodological significance of forming a correct understanding of the importance of individual and general causation in the given subject area. Key words: causality; causation; forensic crime investigation methods.Р. 130. Raykova Nadezhda S. N.F. Katanov Khakass State University (Abakan). PROBLEMS OF GUARANTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CONSTITUTIONAL COURT JUDGES INDEPENDENCE. The independence of the judges in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is a necessary condition for fulfilling their tasks in the legal and political systems: to guarantee the supremacy of the Constitution, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, to restrain legislative and executive powers. This justifies the urgency of the research of the guarantee of independence of the judges in the Constitutional Court. Russian and foreign researchers of the Constitutional justice often study the issues of independence of the Constitutional Courts and their judges; focus their attention on the institutions, which provide such independence. The aim of this research is to point out some problems of legislative guarantees of the independence of the judges in the Constitutional Court of Russia. The results of the analysis can be used for both amending the essence of the principle of independence of judges and development of the legislative status of the judges in the Constitutional Court of the Russian

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