Organization of mass physical culture and recreation work with young pioneers and schoolchildren in the Crimea from the early 1920s to the mid-1930s

Based on the analysis of archival documents, the process of organizing physical culture and recreation work with children in the Crimean ASSR in the 1920s-1930s is analyzed. The study used general theoretical and general historical research methods. The database of research sources was compiled by the office documentation of the Crimean authorities of physical culture and sports of the specified period from the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea. It was established that the basis of physical culture and recreation work with children in the Crimea were the detachments of young pioneers created since 1922. The main physical education work to improve the health of young pioneers and schoolchildren was carried out in the form of morning gymnastics, games, mass competitions and tournaments. Outdoor activities were used to the maximum, for which summer and winter playgrounds, summer baths were equipped, mass walks and excursions were conducted. A new mass form of health improvement was the pioneer camps of the health resort type, where the emphasis was not on military and labor education, but on strengthening the health of children. One of the first such camps was established in Crimea on June 16, 1925 in the Artek tract, which received the all-Union status. In the early 1930s, physical education courses for pioneer leaders began to be held in the cities of Crimea, the program of which was developed specifically for Crimea, taking into account regional peculiarities. By the mid-1930s, mass physical culture and wellness work became systemic and systematic, covering a significant number of Crimean children. Thus, it was established that there was a clear state policy and the formation of an appropriate regulatory legal framework to solve the problem of improving the health of children by ensuring a continuous integrated process of their upbringing and socialization, organizing logistical, scientific, methodological, programmatic, personnel support for the activities of recreational institutions, coordinating the activities of various structures and departments in the field of physical culture and recreation with young pioneers and schoolchildren in the Crimean ASSR during the period under study. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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