EOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF IRTYSH LINE

The purpose of this article consists in historical reconstruction of geography of the Irtysh fortified line of the 18th century. The geographical description of the Irtysh line must be dated. We chose a document ''The Description of Tobolsk and Ishim, Tara, Irtysh, Kolyvan and Kuznetsk Lines'' as the main source of the description It was taken from the collection of the Head Engineering Department (349) of Russian State Military and Historical Archive (RSMHА). This document appeared as a result of the military and engineering survey which was carried out on the Siberian lines in the 1780s by Kovalyov, Trufanov and Shimov, experts of the Head Engineering Department. Authenticity of the document was certified by the signature of engineer-lieutenant Mikhaylo Shimov. He examined the site of the Siberian lines we describe - the Irtysh line. The "Description" was taken from personal records of engineer Alexey Vasilyevich Tuchkov. The source helps to recreate engineering designs of fortresses and to outline their geographical contours. Probably, the map of the Siberian lines was attached to the paper, but it was not found in the archive. According to this document we can present the contours of the 18th century borderline ''from Omsk to Ust-Kamenogorsk Fortress'', which is called the Irtysh Fortress in the document. If the contours of the Irtysh line are mapped, the 872-verst line stretches along the right bank of the Irtysh. The fortresses were located in the following order: Omsk fortress, Zaostrovsky village, Achairsky outpost, Izylbashsky village, Solyanoy Povorot village , Charlakovsky outpost, Tatarsky village, Urlyutyubsky village, Zhelezinsky fortress, Pyatoryzhsky village, Osmoryzhsky outpost, Peshchany village, Chernoretsky outpost, Chernoyarsky outpost , Koryakovsky outpost, Podstepnoy village, Yamyshevskaya fortress, Cherny village, Lebyazhiy village, Podspusknoy village, Krivoy village, Semiyarsky outpost, Grachevsky village, Cheremkhovaya Zaboka village, Dolonsky outpost, Belogo Kamnya village, Glukhovskoy village, Semipalatinsk fortress, Ozerny village, Talitsky outpost , Shulbinsky outpost, Pyanoyarsky outpost, Ubinsky outpost, Barashevskaya village, Krasnoyarsk outpost, Uvarovsky village, Khlebopakhotnaya Zashchita, Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress. The Irtysh line was a part of the Siberian lines and it consisted of separate fortresses of various capacity. These were fortresses, outposts, villages. Service people were on guard, traveling to protect the borders from attacks of nomads. The historical reconstruction of geography of the Irtysh fortified line of the 18th century gives us a chance to present its spatial localization, promotes ideas of location of boundary fortresse. The description of engineering solutions of fortresses provides information on using the latest developments of the West European fortification when constructing the line.

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