Classification of adverbs of multiplicity by aspect features in the Kumyk and English languages

The study of multiplicity adverbs combining with the verbs in Kumyk and English is carried out by examining the meanings of dictionary definitions of these adverbs and their uses in sentences. The ways of expressing aspect meanings through temporal vocabulary were studied more in English. In the Kumyk language the problem of interaction of the grammatical and lexical means in expressing aspect remained aside since aspect had a purely grammatical meaning. The analysis of the interaction of multiplicity adverbs as lexical indicators with verbs in expressing aspect and temporality as lexical and grammatical categories determines the role of these adverbs in the modification of the aspect-tense forms of verbs, and identification of aspect verbal actions in unrelated languages. The classification of adverbs of multiplicity by frequency, process and perfective aspect features is proposed, resulting in identification of aspect actions. In the Kumyk language the combination of adverbs of multiplicity and the forms of verbs with the element -тур expressing long-lasting actions and without it in the present tense denote multiple actions: Ол дарсгъа даим гечиге or Ол дарсгъа даим геч гелип тура "He is always late for the lesson''. All adverbs of multiplicity refer to the groups with the aspect features of frequency and process, and they reflect the meaning of action repeated in time. It should be noted that adverbs of multiplicity are not combined with verbs in the Past Simple Tense in the Kumyk language: Ол бизге кёп керен гелди "He often came to us''. In English, adverbs of multiplicity are freely combined with verbs in the Past Simple Tense: He often came to our place. In English, adverbs of multiplicity are combined with verbs in the uncertain and certain present, past and future tenses and express repeated actions. The feature of process as in combining the word always with the verb in the Present Continuous Tense shows an indefinite continuously repeated action. Some adverbs of multiplicity are combined with the verbs in the perfect form in cases the actions in the recent past are associated with the present. In the Kumyk language the grammatical category of tense together with adverbs of multiplicity refers to the functional-semantic field of temporality. In English, the grammatical forms of verbs with adverbs of multiplicity express lexical-grammatical category of aspect.

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