The criminalistic structure of oral speech

The article discusses the features of the interrogated person's voice, speech value in establishing psychological contact during interrogation, the description of the criminalistic structure of speech. Speech has long been interesting for researchers in the fields of such sciences as linguistics and psychology, it is the object of study of criminalistic science, too. Recorded speech becomes a carrier of forensically relevant information needed to identify and solve crimes. Speech carries signs and individual characteristics of the person. Speech is the most common source of information, both in everyday life and in the work of the investigator. The interest in the criminalistic study of speech is not surprising, since the investigator has traditionally received most information about the crime during communicative investigation. Currently, studies of speech are important when choosing interrogation tactics, assessing the validity of the words of the person giving testimony. Oral speech is a text made of sounds having a sound expression and fixed by hearing. The structure of oral speech can be distinguished by its division into three elements: vocalicity, tonality and richness of content. Vocalicity is an individual measure of speech due to the structure of the oral and nasal cavity. Tonality is determined by the psychological characteristics of the interrogated person. The psychological state of the person expressed in the tonal characteristics of voice reveals in situations of greatest tension (for instance, interrogation) and can be used to objectively assess and control the emotional state of the interrogated. Traditionally richness of content is defined as the amount of thoughts, feelings and aspirations the speech expresses, their significance and truthfulness. In the article richness speech is considered from the point of view of personal meaning and symbols that appear in the speech of the interrogated person. Features of the structural elements of speech are defined by features of the psychological type of the interrogated person belongs. The article describes the vocalicity, tonality and content of oral speech of the psychological types any interrogated person can be referred to. Furthermore, specific examples of the symbols in the speech characteristic of each of the addressed personality types are given. The analysis of the features of oral speech during communicative investigation will help establish psychological contact with the interrogated person and subsequently identify false information.

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