Metaphorisation of the names of plant food in the Russian language: semasiological and cognitive aspects

This article provides a cognitive and semasiological study of lexical and phraseological figurative means of the Russian language and the motivated names of plant foods. It also describes a fragment of the Russian linguistic picture of the world associated with the figurative interpretation of reality shaped by all types of metaphorical projections from the conceptual area-source "edible plants." The object of research is language metaphors motivated by the names of edible plants. They include language metaphors proper (klubnichka 'strawberry', vishneviy 'cherry', repa 'turnip', smorchyok 'morel', etc.), the figurative words proper (limonka, mindal'nichat) established figurative comparisons (krasniy, kakpomidor 'red as a tomato', kak ogurchik 'as a cucumber', and others), instrumental comparisons (nos kartoshkoy 'bulb of a nose', gubyyagodkoy 'lips of berries', etc.), idioms (rasti kakgriby posle dozhdya 'to grow up like mushrooms after the rain', eto eshcho tsvetocki, a yagodky vperedi 'when the blossoms first come out, berries soon will have to sprout', etc.), proverbs (sorok let - babiy vek, sorokpyat' - baba yagodka opyat' 'forty years old her tale is told, etc.). The object of analysis is the nature of metaphorical models reflected in the figurative semantics of the language units under study. The research is based on the dictionaries and contextual basis of the Russian National Corpus. This work fits into the range of modern research on the evaluation and world-shaping functions of linguistic units, the implementation of cultural codes in language and speech (N.F. Alefirenko, A.N. Baranov, Yu.N. Karaulov, V.V. Krasnykh, N.A. Mishankina, Z.I. Rezanova, G.V. Tokarev, A.P. Chudinov, etc.), on the implementation of various codes of culture, metaphorically and symbolically represented in the two-plane semantics of motivated nominations (N.F. Alefirenko, O.I. Blinova, N.A. Ilyukhina, M.L. Kovshova, V.M. Mokienko, G.N. Sklyarevskaya. V.N. Telia, Ye.A. Yurina, etc.). The article constructs a figurative lexical and phraseological field "plant food", that metaphorically names various extralinguistic phenomena: "man" (with microspheres "physiology", "feelings and emotions", "intellectual ability", "character and conduct", "social interaction"), "material objects" (with microspheres "color", "parameters", "artifacts"), "society" (with microspheres "social phenomena", "economy and finance"), "time", "space", and "plants". This article describes metaphorical models that demonstrate the association between various phenomena of extralinguistic reality and edible plants. The grounds for metaphorisation can be different. They include shape (bokserskaya grusha 'punching bag'), size (s yabloko 'of apple-size'), the structure of the pulp and shell (shchelkat' zadachi kak oreshki 'to crack tasks like nuts, apelsinovaya korka 'orange peel'), surface color (vishneviy 'cherry'), taste, flavor (yagodka 'berry' of the girl), the method of cooking (kak vyzhatiy limon 'like a squeezed lemon'). Some areas of extralinguistic reality are described by allusions to legends, fairy tales, myths, the plot of which involves symbolic images of edible plants: printsessa na goroshine 'princess and the pea', yabloko razdora 'the apple of discord', my delili apel'sin 'we were dividing an orange', pri tsare Gorokhe 'the days of yore', Adamovo yabloko 'Adam's apple', plodpoznaniya dobra I zla 'the fruit of the knowledge of good and evil', etc. Totally the author identifies over 150 units of figurative language that name various phenomena of extralinguistic reality.

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