Antagonism models of parenting children in the pedagogical space of post-Soviet Russia (1990s)

We study parenting as a philosophical-historical phenomenon in a pivotal era for Russia of the 1990s. Three models of parenting are considered that found their embodiment in pedagogical editions of those years: liberal, orthodox and globalist. The essence of the first of them (represented in the works of J.P. Azarov, Sh. Amonashvili, V.G. Krotov, E.M. Rutman, N.V. Iskolskiy, E.M. Cherepanov) based on the principle of freedom of the child as the main value of the process of family education. This model is based on the thesis of the hidden potential of self-development that is embedded in the children, the need for parents to respect the feelings, thoughts and desires of their children. These authors refer to the values of individualism and the rights of children. These authors are influenced by Western pedagogy. The essence of the second model (works of Archimandrite John (Krestyankin), priests G. Kaleda, A. Shatov, V. Sveshnikov, A. Vladimirov, B. Krechetov, K. Ostrowski, D. Smirnov) correlates with the typical Orthodox tradition, understanding the importance of education as a saving feat of father and mother, a kind of worship of God in the world. All authors talk about parenting as about the parents' and children's finding of salvation, correlate parenting values with the most important Christian values, write about the deepest spiritual responsibility of the father and mother for their work to God, offering a hierarchy of family relationships as a mandatory code of conduct for adults children. Authors deny the educational force of liberal approaches to child. The article also summarizes the state of the globalist model of parenting, manifested in two aspects of the Russian Association "Family Planning" and attempts to introduce the so-called juvenile technologies in Russia. This model is focused on the world of western educational values that consider the idea of the primacy of the rights of children (younger family members) over the rights of seniors (their parents). The author concludes that the collapse of the Soviet Union and Soviet ideology caused a powerful wave of search for ways out of the current political, spiritual and moral and pedagogical crisis in the 1990s in Russia. In the parental pedagogy it resulted in two, in fact, opposite directions, liberal and global, oriented at the world of Western culture, and Orthodox-axiological, focused on preservation of national-religious educational values and wider - the preservation of the national identity of the Russian people.

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