Hydrogeoecological condition of the water supply of the population of the south of Siberia

Public water supply, availability of water resources, inventory and facilities of Siberian region water supply systems are considered. The diversity of natural landscape and climatic geological and hydrogeological conditions of the structural features defines economic activity and general socio-economic and environmental situation in the region. Groundwater is noticed to be the main source of water. The surface sources play a significant role in water supply in big cities (Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Barnaul). Aquifer systems of Paleocene, Cretaceous deposits and in a less degree Neocene-Quaternary deposits have a strategic significance for the centralized water supply development on the territory of the West Siberian artesian basin (Tomsk and Novosibirsk Oblasts, Altai Krai). Quaternary deposit alluvial complexes of large river valleys are important for the centralized water supply on the Altai-Sayan hydrogeological folded area (south of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Republic of Khakassia, Kemerovo Oblast), and Neocene-Quaternary deposits of intermountain basins are significant for the centralized water supply in the Republics of Altai and Tuva. With the total high level of water resource of the region, the water supply condition does not meet modern requirements. The analysis of the composition, equipment and operational mode of water supply systems in the settlements draws the conclusion that the most essential fault is the low provision of water treatment systems, especially in rural areas. Reasons for this situation cannot be explained by only financial difficulties, but also they depend on the lack of information about modern technologies and technical means and the lack of well-developed and locally adapted projects of small plants for the rural low-power performance intakes. The characteristic of the composition and quality of groundwater used for water supply is presented. The variability of ion-salt composition, the value of total salinity, the water quality are noticed to be governed by the altitudinal zonality within the Altai-Sayan folded area and they are controlled by the latitudinal zonality in the West Siberian plate. Comparison of the groundwater chemical composition regularities within the territories with different landscape conditions shows that the number of topical issues to be addressed by adjusting the natural water quality up to the quality of drinking water increases with the salinity increase of water. Guidance is provided on types of water treatment buildings which consider the diversity of groundwater composition for the utility and drinking water supply of the population in the region. While improving the quality of water from the standpoint of environmental safety, it is recommended to give preference to non-reagent methods based on natural processes of elements removal from solutions, and as an emergency measure to reduce stiffness and salinity it is recommended to use reagent and ion exchange methods.

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