The technology of pottery manufacturing of the Barkhatovo culture of settlement of Chechkino 4

The article is devoted to the results of the technical and technological analysis of the pottery of the Barkhatovo culture from the settlement of Chechkino 4 located in the Yarkovsky District of Tyumen Region. The author identifies the tradition of selection and preparation of the initial plastic raw material, preparation of molding masses, construction vessels, treatment of product surfaces, giving them durability and removal of the moisture permeability. A comparative analysis with the previously studied materials of the Barkhatovo culture from the settlements Mostovoe 1 and Cheremukhov Kust is made within the historical and cultural approach and the structure of the pottery industry developed by A.A. Bobrinsky. As a result, the study of the pottery revealed that the potters of the Barkhatovo culture selected classic clay and silty clay. Most of the vessels were made of "lean" raw materials. The resulting technological information on the manufacturing of molding masses testifies of the fire clay tradition of potters of the Barkhatovo culture. As an organic additive organic solution, squeezing of the manure of ruminants and, rarely, the manure of ruminants were used. Four formulas of molding mass composition were found: "raw material + fire clay + squeezing of the manure of ruminants" (64.1 %), "raw material + fire clay + organic solution" (28.2 %), "raw material + fire clay + the manure of ruminants" (5.1 %) and "raw material + fire clay" (2.6 %). The construction of "seed-bodies" was manufactured in accordance with the bottom-capacitive program with the help of rags or short flagella. Hollow body vessels were also made with the help of rags. Treatment of manufacture surfaces was made by simple smoothing, sealing and polishing. Firing of finished products was manufactured in simple piles or hearths. The ornamental pattern was mainly applied by a smoother stamp, less often - by a comb-shaped stamp. The main ornamental elements on the vessels are inclined stamp marks, horizontal herring-bone, horizontal zigzag, round pits, drop-shaped impressions. A comparison of the data with the results of the microscopic study of the pottery of the Barkhatovo culture from the settlement Mostovoe 1 as well as of the fragments from the archaeological layer from the settlement Cheremukhov Kust reveals they are practically identical.

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