Organization, management and strategy of development of telecommunications in the postwar USSR

During the postwar years the Soviet telecommunications has undergone profound qualitative and quantitative changes. Its development during this period was determined by the rise of science as well as the rapid growth of certain sectors of the economy. Great positive influence had significant changes in the geographical distribution of productive forces, the development of new economic regions of industrial and agricultural production. One of the drivers of progress of the communication facilities were the achievements of national science and technology, in particular - radio engineering and electronic industry. Telecommunications management system included the following main units: USSR Ministry of Communications and its main (central) sector management; Administration of Commissioners of the Ministry of Communications of the USSR by the Councils of the Ministry in the Union Republics; regional government of the Ministry of Communications; county, city and district offices of the Ministry of Communications. Communication facilities in the period under review were classified primarily on the basis of their primary purpose and administrative and economic subordination. From this point of view, they were divided into two groups: public communication facilities and departmental or special purpose facilities. Ways of development of telecommunications in the second half of the last century, particularly in the 1960s-1980s, stages of the strategic objectives of the government in this sector were identified in a complex project of the Unified Automated Communication System (UACS). UACS project organically emerged from a planned economy and the political line of the USSR, took into account the possibility of financial, material and human resources. The primary strategic goal was to create a unified multi-channel network of telecommunications lines - primary network of the UACS. It was a network of typical transmission channels and group paths formed by a set of nodes, stations and signal telecommunication lines - cable, radio relay, air, etc. On its basis secondary networks were constructed. Thus, the fundamental direction of the development of telecommunications technology was the integration of various communication media, the creation of a network that could be used to transmit all kinds of information. Beginning with the integration of standard communication channels later this process affected the commutation stations.

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