The development of principles of IT-proj ect management

The dynamic development of the information technology field (IT) has a considerable impact on the competitive ability and successful business activity of modern companies on the market. However, the dynamic development revealed numerous problems of the project-oriented approach in the development of IT-products. For instance, according to data by The Standish Group International, in the year 2012, 43 % of IT-projects faced problems in the course of their work that influenced the duration, budget and quality of their performance. According to experts from The Standish Group International, the problems which appear in the process of implementation of IT-projects should be identified as risks, and then they should be controlled with corresponding measures. So, the purpose of the article is to form principles of IT-project management which would be instrumental in preventive work against risk events. The achievement of the set goal demands that the following tasks be solved: 1. Analysis of the basic characteristics and main participants of an IT-project. 2. Research of works by modern scientists who work with risks in IT-projects. 3. Analysis of existing approaches in the area of risk control in IT-projects. 4. Formation of principles of IT-project management which would be instrumental in preventive work against risk events. Also, the article looks into the etymology of the notions "project" and "IT-project". For instance, the PMBoK standard defines a project as a temporary process directed at the creation of unique products, services, and / or results. Its temporary nature means that a project has the beginning and the end, a limited budget and limited resources. A project is considered complete if its purposes have been achieved (content, terms, cost, and quality). Unlike current activity which, according to the existing company procedures, is a repeating process, project activity faces uncertainty due to the unique way of product creation. For instance, project tasks may turn out to be new for the team, which leads to the necessity of a more careful planning, unlike the activity connected with routine work. The completion of a project may bring the following results: 1) a product which can be a finished product or an element of another product; 2) a service; 3) a result, such as a future opportunity or a document. The probability of a risk event occurrence, as a rule, influences such interconnected key parameters of a project as its duration, cost, and quality. For instance, an increase of the quality of the end product entails an increase of its cost and project implementation period. Thus, for the purpose of this article, an IT-project will mean a process of creating unique products, services, and / or results which are connected with the evaluation, modernization, adaptation, customization, adjustment, introduction, testing, description and integration of information systems into certain business processes of a company.

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