Characteristics of external respiration in improving ballistic strikes of boxers of higher degree

When performing power-speed movements, external respiration rates depend on the power of muscular work. At the same time, the discrepancy between the condition of the respiratory system and the capacity of muscle tension when performing movements leads to tracheal sounds during exhalation. Respiratory muscle activity is not increased, but the load on the respiratory system increases greatly. Analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on boxing shows that a certain consistency of movements of muscles of the trunk and arms provides increased power of the boxer. According to experts, it is provided by the increase in the rotational-translational motion of the trunk and the striking movement of the arm to the target. We investigated the performance of external respiration in improving strokes with different types of muscular tension. The value of FEV1 after exercise of athletes in the experimental group was superior to the control level by 30.3 %. When comparing the results after the load with respect to the values recorded at rest, it was noted that in the experimental group these indices were not significantly different. In the control group all the parameters recorded after the load were lower than the values at rest by 42.4 %. This fact indicates an essential decrease in the rate of forced expiratory volume in the control group carried out after the test load. This may be due to the greater degree of fatigue after muscular work, as the motor action involved muscle groups - antagonists which reduce its speed and power capabilities. This represents a clear violation of motor coordination when performing strikes. It is shown that the use of tools that limit the load on hands (boxing gloves) helps to optimize the nature of muscular tension in improving accented strikes. It is noted that ballistic strikes are most economical. This results in an increase in electrical activity of the muscles directly involved in providing force and reducing the impact speed and the electrical activity of the antagonists, which promotes the minimum reduction of the respiratory system indicators after the test load. The results lead to the following conclusions: 1. Tools limiting the load on hands when improving strikes in boxing (boxing gloves) promote the formation of a movement pattern which is most effective and economical when striking in boxing. 2. Ballistic strikes have a minimal impact on the system of external respiration of athletes, which allows to increase the intensity of training loads during sports training.

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