Formation of the feudal state in Central Asia during the reign of Genghis Khan

In the works of Kant, Hegel, F. et al., Mongolian nomads were portrayed as savage barbarians who had no statehood and destroyed and enslaved other states. This view existed until the beginning of the 20th century. Thus, Kant saw the Mongol tribes united under the banner of Genghis Khan in order to capture and destroy other countries. J. Toynbee pointed out that there are empires that were created by Europeans, i.e. Democracies and by Eurasians, i.e. despotic states that appeared quickly and so decayed as they lacked the democracy of European countries . One of the first scholars who began to investigate in depth the history of the nomadic peoples of Central Asia was Lev Gumilev, who described the peoples who inhabited the Mongolian steppes as a Power established in the first half of the thirteenth century as a result of conquest wars of Genghis Khan and his successors, the largest ever territory from the Danube to the Sea of Japan and from Novgorod to Southeast Asia. The external factors of formation of the Mongolian state include: 1. Tribal fighting and the coming to power of Genghis Khan. Thus, at the end of the 12th century on the territory of Central Asia, inhabited by the representatives of the Mongolian nomads and Tatar tribes, f tribal social relations were ruined and feudal relations were formed. 2. There is social stratification in the kins into the rich and the poor. As a result of the transition from tribal relations to feudal ones, two types of inequality appeared: economic (ownership of cattle, horses and property) and social (rich and poor people in kins) in the Tatar-Mongolian society. 3. The union of the Mongol-Tatar tribes. The territory of the Mongol Empire in the period of Genghis Khan was conditional. Many scholars write that the Mongol Empire was in its peak in the 13th century. The internal factors of formation of the Mongolian state include: 1. In the early feudal period, there was no administrative center due to the nomadic lifestyle of the Mongols and Tatars. 2. The main governing body was Kurultay (Congress), where representatives of the tribes could make important tribal decisions. The concept of kurultay came into use at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, Genghis Khan gave a very important political significance to the nationwide Congress of Tatar and Mongol tribes. 3. The legal basis of the Mongolian state in the early feudal period was the "Great Yasa". The laws have not been preserved as a document. 4. The territorial delineation of the Mongol Empire. During the conquest of China, the commander realized that for effective management of the conquered territories the state must be divided into certain areas, uluses. Therefore, we conclude that the form of government during the period of Genghis Khan was the cult of the leader. With the proclamation of Timutchin "master of the sky", the process of formation of pre-state began to its higher form of the Mongol Empire and the process had a long way of development.

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