On structuring the problem field of the analytic philosophy of metaphor

This article discusses the problem of structuring the problem field of the theory of metaphor in the analytic aspect. In early analytic philosophy of the 1910s-1940s, with its dominant orientation on the formation of a logically precise language and its primary interest in the scientific discourse, metaphor as a linguistic expression was an object of elimination from the scientifically interpreted (Carnap's classifications) sentences and did not represent a serious interest, as evidenced by the lack of fundamental studies on this topic. Later, at the next stage of the genesis of analytic philosophy, associated primarily with the activities of the "late" Wittgenstein, interest in metaphor increased sharply, and by the end of the 1970s Nelson Goodman makes a statement on the importance of deeper research of metaphor. The number of theoretical works devoted to metaphor increases (many of them are presented in the collection Teoriya metafory, 'The Theory of Metaphor' (1990)). Monographs on metaphor are written. Numerous interpretations of metaphor appear, which results in the development of various competing theories that consider metaphor as a special way of reference (H .Goodman); the gap between the literal and the implied (intentional) values of linguistic expressions that are overcome in the course of interpretation (D. Searle); a method of interaction of ideas within a word (A. Richards, M. Black); a conceptual system (G. Lakoff, M. Johnson) etc. The problem field of the analytic philosophy of metaphor consists of a certain type of questions. These questions can be divided into two classes: 1) external questions; 2) internal questions. This classification is based on the levels of metaphor studies: external and internal sides of metaphor. The external side study implies answering the questions of the main metaphor functions in language, of special language rules which define the metaphorical use of words, and others. The internal side study answers the questions about the mechanisms of semantic transformation in the process of metaphorization, whether the sentence with a metaphor, in addition to the literal meaning, has a special metaphorical meaning, whether there is a special metaphorical meaning that gives a new meaning, etc.

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