The conceptional bases of the terrorist ideology in Russia (second part of the 19th - early 20th centuries)

The analysis of the mutual influence of the terrorist ideology and people's masses is represented in the article. The main point of the terrorist ideology as any other is in close connection with the presence of general will (a complex of concrete persons' wills). General will, the main point of which has been put in such notions as "people's authority", "majority's authority" or even "people's sovereignty", was fundamental from the revolutionary terrorists' point of view. The terrorist ideology also used this comparison in Russia in the second part of the 19th - early 20th centuries, propagandizing the necessity of the establishment of the so-called "new people's authority" with the help of terror. The main purpose of the terrorist ideology in the period under review was the necessity of determining the way from the old unfair world without rights to the world of a new order. One of the most important Russian revolutionary principles which had an influence on the necessity of the terrorist ideology formation is the confidence in the majority's right-ness. Masses' will had to realize the revolutionary course, little by little becoming a special superstructure above law. Revolutionary terrorists presented the majority's will as the people's one, and proclaimed terror as the main means to achieve the people's aims. It is practically impossible to create an effective legal mechanism of opposition to terror, if there is a nearly equal mutual influence of terrorist masses and law order. The only condition of the eradication of terrorism is inequitable opposition, in frames of which means and forces of the State exceed considerably the size of terrorism threat. The adaptation to the outer force is any masses' strategic ability. Removing this factor can destabilize the situation inside of a terrorist cell, and in time it will come apart itself and will not exist. One of the most effective ways of opposition to the terrorist mass was detriment of its functioning inside. The main points of this way was introduction of persons, who carefully and consecutively had to use ideology to make masses form new reference-points which were not connected with terrorism. It could be achieved in Russia in the 1880s, when relations between the law and order bodies and the secret service were formed. The fact that the terrorist ideology in the period of its formation (the second part of the 19th century) was in close conditions can help to understand the main points of the issue. The State actions against such a kind of activity only favored terrorists' influence in the underground environment, and later among people.

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