Night in A.P. Chekhov's language picture of the world

The article is devoted to the study of A.P. Chekhov's language picture of the world, his idiolect, using field methods. The field approach allows to explicate the author's worldview, identify the specifics of his value orientation and language priorities, particularly the author's individual usage, etc. The analysis of the individual language system through the study of lexical-semantic fields in fiction, of a network of partially overlapping lexical-semantic fields gives the most complete and objective view of the art-speech system of the writer. A lexical-semantic field is of interest to study the language picture of the world of the writer from the point of view of its content, composition (explicit fragment of the writer's worldview), structural organization. The semantic structure of the lexeme 'night' in the art-speech system of A.P. Chekhov can be represented as follows: 1. Part of the day, the time from sunset to sunrise. The dark time of the day. 2. Time of peace, of rest. 3.Time when people realize their loneliness 11 total loneliness 11 death. 4. The Wake-up time of the internal forces in nature and man. 5. Something beyond comprehension 11 something terrible. 6. Mysterious, fabulous time of dreams 11 time of a love date. In the analyzed lexical-semantic field, the word 'night' has a key status, which is confirmed by its high frequency of use, connection with the main categories of the writer's view of life (sadness, boredom, loneliness, beauty), the fact that it undergoes semantic transformations in context. The word 'night' is characterized by a complex semantic structure: it has both a regular and the author's symbolic meanings. The structure of the field itself has nuclear and peripheral parts. The nucleus of the field is the lexical unit 'night' and its derivatives, words 'time', 'period', 'darkness', 'moon', etc. The periphery are lexical units of other lexical-semantic fields: "Space", "Cosmological objects and phenomena", "Atmospheric phenomena", "Sensory perception", including "Color names" and "Sound". The boundaries of the nuclear and peripheral zones are blurred. The images of nighttime are anthropomorphic, which is reflected in the structure of the field that includes units of the lexical-semantic field "Emotional and physiological state of the person" and "Person". The author's lexical-semantic field "Night" is more detailed than in the national language by the composition, specific semantic structure of field constituents (complication of the seme patterns of the word, development of semes, reorganization of their hierarchy), by the overall structure of the field impacted by the transforming role of the artistic worldview.

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