The transformation of the communicative function of art in the context of the history of art in Tomsk

The main questions which set the direction of the study were as follows: Why does the picture that has once been one of the most important sources of meanings, values cease to be such? Is it possible, having identified the "gaps" in the communication between the artist and the viewer, to restore the old aesthetic demand for artistic painting? In order to approach the answer to this question systematically, theoretical and methodological foundations of semiotics were used. The formal structure of the transformation of the communicative function is meaningfully filled with culturological material of the history of art in Tomsk, as the main elements in the development of Tomsk painting in its main features reflect the traditions of the European part of Russia. In realistic painting, an artist reproduces visible objective qualities of the subject. In general, it is implemented as follows: message comes from the sender to the addressee, who are in the general context, and the message is decrypted using a code understandable to the subject of communication. Since the 18th till the end of the 19th centuries realism in Tomsk painting was presented by the portrait genre, as well as by documentaries. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries a special cultural event in Tomsk was the "Siberian regionalism" movement. In the 1960s the "Severe style" appeared. The communicative message, in addition to a specific documentary content, contained some identification of a community bonded with its own language, with a special reality within a group and positioning of artists as "Siberian" to the outside world. Communication in abstract painting, which appeared in Tomsk since the 1970s, is characterized by the absence of a linear orientation. Message from the sender has many meanings and the source status of the message is called into question. The artist sets a space in which the viewer can also act as the creator of meanings and images. Today, the world of painting in general, and in particular for Tomsk, tends towards the mass market, conscious painting "for sale". The problem of the loss of communication in art is associated with the destruction of the essence of aesthetic information, which, according to M. Benze, is characterized by being "based on the sign of no value". Signs of artistic language convey meaning, but they lack subject matter, i.e. they contain useless information which is not correlated with the practical purpose. Art can not be created "as a tool", but only "as a goal", which should relate by significance to the scale of humanity, rather than pursue a narrow utilitarian task.

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