Areal-genetic connections of units of the Russian word family with the root gord-

Units of the Russian word family with the root -gord- originate in the Proto-Slavic etymological word family * gbrdb, which has reflexes gord- / gard- in East Slavic languages, grd-, grd-, hrd- in South Slavic and hrd-, hord-, hard-, gard- in West Slavic. These units express the concept "pride" almost in all Slavic languages (with the exception of Slovenian). In Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Sorbian, Bulgarian and Macedonian units of etymological word family * gbrdb are the main expression means of the concept "pride". In the Slovak and Belarusian languages there are also units with other roots (Belarusian gonar-, Slovakianpych-) in the nucleus of the lexical semantic field "pride". In the western group of South Slavic languages (Serbian, Slovenian) and Polish the basic units expressing the concept "pride" are lexemes of a word family with root ponos-. The semantic field of Proto-Slavic etymological word family * gbrdb includes four semantic centers: 1) "pride" and related concepts ("obstinacy", "insolence", "scorn", "impudence", "abuse"); 2) "high social status", which includes words with meanings 'grandeur', 'majestic', 'nobility', 'loftiness', 'hero', 'glory', 'fame', 'importance', the Russian dialect ritual wedding lexis and Old-Russian units with meanings 'austerity', which contain negative connotations. The units of the following two semantic centers are registered in all Slavic language groups: 3) common and aesthetic evaluation: a) common negative and negative aesthetic evaluation: units expressing common and aesthetic negative evaluation with meanings 'ugly', 'hideous', 'bad' are registered in South Slavic, Old Slovak, Old Russian and Upper Sorbian languages; b) positive aesthetic evaluation; such units are recorded in West Slavic and East Slavic languages; 4) exceeding norms in size and strength; the units of the etymological word family * gbrdb expressing meanings 'big', 'heavy' exist in Serbian and Upper Sorbian languages and Russian dialects. So, first and second semantic centers are common for all Slavic languages, while third and fourth are local. The units of the third center are registered in South and West Slavic languages. The fourth center is characteristic for South Slavic languages mostly. A.A. Kretov and L. Kralik suggested two well-founded etymology versions of Russian gord-. Both explain its semantics 'pride/proud/to be proud' as an extension of the meaning 'having high social status'. The main divergence of the two versions applies to the primary meaning of Proto-Slavic *gbrdb. A.A.Kretov supposes that Proto-Slavic *gbrdb primary meaning is 'dimensional height', while L. Kralik considers Proto Slavic *gbrdb as derived from Indo-European *gwher 'hot' and believes that its primary meaning is 'furious'. Detailed Slavic lexis analysis and the structure of the etymological word family semantic field corroborates Kretov's version and shows that the meaning 'pride/proud/to be proud' of Proto-Slavic *gbrdb is related genetically to meanings 'high social level' and 'dimensional height'.

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