Science and industry: assessing effectiveness of interaction

In economic research there is much attention to scientific and educational complex of Russia and its development in the pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods. Scientists focus on the study of the scientific and educational complex as a component of the innovation system, and not on a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of its interaction with the industry (i.e. the study of innovation system communications). The system of statistical indicators allowing to make a comprehensive analysis of the interaction of the scientific and educational complex and the industry at present is not formed. The methodological positions of this paper are as follows. 1. The focus is on the study of the interaction of the scientific and educational complex with industry, i.e. the research of innovation system connections. 2. A methodological principle of the formation of a hierarchical system of indicators to measure the effectiveness of interaction between science and industry is proposed. It is shown that the most important source of information to evaluate the performance bonds are in financial terms: domestic expenditure on research and development; payments for technology; expenditure on technological innovation. Based on the details of these indicators, a system of indicators was developed and interaction between science and industry in Russia was analyzed by the available data of Russian and international statistics. The analysis revealed a significant imbalance in the analyzed structure of financing R & D (predominance of public funding), smaller funding from the industry than in the developed countries, poor performance in the interaction between the scientific and educational complex and the industry. The low proportion of expenditure on research and development in the costs of innovation speaks of the lack of demand from industry for research. It is necessary to take into account and use the features of the Russian model: most research is made in specialized research institutes, where the necessary equipment is concentrated which was purchased in part at the expense of budgetary funds. Based on these features and problems of interaction between science and industry, methods of encouraging this cooperation in Russia were proposed. It is shown that the current system of statistical indicators is more focused on the analysis of individual components of the innovation system (scientific and educational complex, innovative enterprises in industry and so on), but not on the innovation system relations (interaction between the scientific and educational complex and industry). It does not allow conducting a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the innovation system links, while it is a violation of relations that is one of the major problems hindering the innovation development of Russia's economy. Main directions of improving statistics to create the necessary system of statistical indicators for a comprehensive analysis were proposed.

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