Cultural heritage of the Khanty in Kunstkammer collections: components of traditional culture

The article is devoted to the collections of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkammer), Russian Academy of Sciences, reflecting the cultural heritage of one of the peoples of Siberia - the Khanty (former name - Ostyaks). The total number of the Kunstkammer's collections, containing Khanty items is 40, 35 of them are designated as belonging to Ostyaks / the Khanty. There are 1640 depository items in the whole. The author has studied more than 30 collection inventories. In addition, some items are examined and described directly in the funds. Also the early collection of illustrative fund was studied. Information obtained was systematized on the following topics: economic activity, vehicles, buildings, utensils, clothes, toys and games, art and religion items. This article is a continuation of the first article of the author (Lukina, N.V. (2014) Cultural heritage of the Khanty in Kunstkammer collections: economic activity. Tomsk State University Journal. 387. pp. 91-97), where the general analysis of Khanty Kunstkammer collections was given and items relating to economic activities were reviewed. Below are considered vehicles, constructions, utensils, clothes, toys and games, art and religious items. In the museum among vehicles there are boats made of wood (dugouts, kaldanki, covered cayucos) with oars; skis (golitsy and hemmed with skins) with staffs; hand / husky and reindeer sledges with an appropriate harness for animals and a strap for humans. Information about buildings is available, mainly, in the pictures with the images of a tent, a cabin, farm buildings, a bread oven. The only complete construction is a tent for a woman in labor. Utensils and presented very well: bedding and cots; mats and coatings; tables, working boards and blades; containers made of birch bark, wood, leather, skins and fabrics. Many items are decorated with ornaments. Clothing includes male types: a shirt, pants, a coat, a deerskin overcoat and a shirt for it, hats, belts, mittens, winter and summer shoes, glasses for protection from snow blindness. Female types of clothing are a shirt-dress, a loincloth and pants, a coat, a caftan, a fur coat, a belt, a scarf, a hat, different types of shoes, removable ornaments (headband, plait decoration, earrings, necklaces, neck and chest ornament). Children's clothing consists of the same elements as the adults'. Games and toys of the Khanty in Kunstkammer are presented by checkers, knucklebones, a small bow and arrows, a musical instrument, a tambourine, animal figurines, dolls and things for them. In the Kunstkammer folk art items are represented by musical instruments (a dombra, a tool like a harp, a jaw harp) and samples of ornaments on birch bark, skins and leather, beads; many patterns have their own names. Ceremonial objects are presented by anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images of spirits and offerings for them (clothing, pieces of cloth, an arrow and others); bear body parts and equipment for the bear festival; shamanic accessories (a hat, a tambourine, an arrow); burial items from the excavations of "Ostyak" burial grounds and ethnographic collections (mostly household items). Among all items of the Khanty cultural heritage surveyed in the article in MAE collections, the most informative are utensils and clothes; in the section "vehicles" deer transport is represented incompletely; constructions are virtually not presented; in the section "folk art items" some kinds of musical instruments are absent, cult objects reflect only part of sacred things prevailing among the people.

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