Socio-cultural approach: features of microanalysis application

In times of methodological crisis there is an opportunity to combine the methodological strengths of competing paradigms through a variety of multi-disciplinary structures of a hybrid nature. In keeping with the classical approaches in sociology there are attempts to design unconventional views on the understanding of the object and research strategies. The socio-cultural approach involves multiple angles of presentation of the research object (socio-cultural field), including the macro- and microanalysis processes and phenomena. In microsociology this approach is characterized by methodological breadth, is based on the principles of activity of the subject in the socio-cultural environment, the evolutionary nature of social change, historicism; it takes into account the modality pattern of socio-cultural action laws with the vector of development, regardless of the will of the subjects. The socio-cultural approach is based on an integrated structure. In the study, the integral as a methodological construct is key social processes (events, phenomena) which vary with changes in the socio-cultural field, including all spheres of life. The integral can be values, cultural codes, phenomena of everyday life which are built around the field of socio-cultural reality and form the structure of life. Microsociology, in turn, is based on the tradition of socio-cultural research projects using microanalysis techniques for interpretation, combining the unique and the typical in the life of the object. Microanalysis allows one to find the generalized sense in the studied events and access wide scientific generalizations. Qualitative methodology is the methodological arsenal for building microanalysis structures. The author examines the experience of theoretical development of the classics of sociology who formed the basis of the socio-cultural approach, as well as current ideas of contemporary humanists. Taking the tenet that human life is a complicated system, it is concluded that it is correct to study life from the standpoint of non-obviousness, subjectivity, methodological flexibility. Microsocio-logical analysis allows interpreting the reality in terms of understanding the meanings based on human experience in the structure of everyday life. The article shows the methodological possibilities of social and cultural analysis in the projection of understanding semantic characteristics of "social culture". The author examines examples of multi-level understanding of the subject, describes microanalysis and analytical capabilities in the field of macro; investigates the action mechanisms of life scenarios, methods of analysis of "ideal types" and the social code in the projection of senses and the macro value.

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