Witches, saints, demoniacs: problems of identification of the possessed in local communities of Western Europe in the 15th-16th centuries | Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Tomsk State University Journal. 2015. № 397.

Witches, saints, demoniacs: problems of identification of the possessed in local communities of Western Europe in the 15th-16th centuries

The article discusses the problem of identification of the possessed by local community inhabitants of the Western Europe in the 15th-17th centuries. The reasons of instability of the status of the possessed in a community are studied, as well as the change of this status to the status of a witch or a saint. The change of the possessed into a witch or a saint proves to be true by numerous examples in the history of the Western Europe in the 15th-17th centuries. The author comes to a conclusion that this situation has a number of reasons. The article describes the most important of them. The first thing the author considers is the content of the term "possession" in the specified period. Possession was a multi-layered concept at the intersection of the folk culture and elite theological tradition. Several terms similar semantically and interchangeable coexist at one time. Simultaneously, the concept of witchcraft, the image of the Devil, sanctity and other penetrates the concept of possession. The next important reason the author gives is the semantic similarity of the concepts "saint", "witch" and "possessed". Possession displays were closest to miracles of saints and maleficia of witches. It was due to many reasons, first of all, because all the concepts had numerous common points; for example, they all communicated with the world of spirits, had no accurate definitions. The following reason is the connection of the concepts with traditional folk narratives that occurred in the country and city environments as legends and fairy tales. The author gives special attention to an expert assessment and a scientific way to diagnose possession which was in demand during the reviewed period. The author analyzes the personal status of the prospective possessed, their reputation and its connection with the right diagnosis made by local community inhabitants. An essential role also belonged to the way the person explained the nature of his/her ailment. The main conclusion of the article is that the quaint combination of the described factors, prevalence of certain tendencies and moods in a society, and also the role of the personality of the possessed became essential in making a diagnosis within the studied local community.

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Keywords

идентификация одержимых, понятие одержимости в Средние века, понятие ведьмы, понятие святого, история Западной Европы, identification of possessions, concept of possession of the Middle Ages, concept of a witch, concept saints, history of the Western Europe

Authors

NameOrganizationE-mail
Krylova Diana D.Tomsk State Universitydiana.krylova90@mail.ru
Всего: 1

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 Witches, saints, demoniacs: problems of identification of the possessed in local communities of Western Europe in the 15th-16th centuries | Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Tomsk State University Journal. 2015. № 397.

Witches, saints, demoniacs: problems of identification of the possessed in local communities of Western Europe in the 15th-16th centuries | Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Tomsk State University Journal. 2015. № 397.

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