Elements of system approach in John Chrysostom's ideas of society

The article proves that the famous Christian thinker John Chrysostom (349-407) actively uses the image of a body (so-called "organism analogy") when discussing society (in Homilies on First Corinthians). This analogy is an early form of system approach, thus, Chrysostom can refer to representatives of this approach. In his definition of the body Chrysostom specifies all major signs of a system - elements, connections between them and unity (integrity). The image of a body allows Chrysostom to reveal and comprehend system properties of society and to describe regularities of its functioning. In particular, comparison of society to a body gives a new perspective on the problem of a social inequality. Chrysostom distinguishes the repeating, stable connections from the multitude of various relations. These stable connections form the structure of society. In case with such complex systems as society, the structure is inevitably hierarchical, assuming inequality of various subsystems and elements (however, Chrysostom understands that not any inequality is objective and functionally necessary). The inevitable inequality of elements of society does not exclude their equality in a certain sense. In particular, all elements have "equality of honor"; its essence is that all hierarchy elements are equally necessary for its successful existence. Each element carries out a certain exclusive function necessary to the system. It makes all elements equally valuable and necessary for the whole. These conclusions have not only theoretical, but also practical value. Understanding of the fact that the seemingly random and thus unfair inequality (though not total) is necessarily inherent in society as a complex hierarchically organized system allows eliminating the already existing conflicts and preventing potential ones. Comprehension of the importance of all elements of society (irrespective of their social status) for its successful functioning allows securing lasting and long-term social peace.

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