Italian theme in the philosophy of the Silver Age

Continuing the traditional Italian theme, the Silver Age saw it in the spirit of ideas about the nature of creativity, art, culture, Christianity. P. Muratov's works present Italy primarily as an aesthetic space which harmoniously unites beauty of nature and art. Paying tribute to the artistic achievements of different historical eras, Muratov saw a worldview close to that of his contemporaries in the art of the Quattrocento. Russian cultural Renaissance of the late 19th - early 20th centuries was aware of its connection with the Italian Renaissance. A trip to Italy was an important factor of philosophical self-determination of N.A. Berdyaev. The art of the Renaissance helped him to understand the tragic nature of creativity, humanism, the cyclical history of the spirit. Defining early Renaissance as the highest point in all Western history, the philosopher regarded it as a historical prototype of the perfect culture based on Christian humanism. The Russian perception of Italy noted the exceptional value of tradition in the national culture. With its origin in Ancient Greece and Rome, the culture of Italy was tirelessly and continuously built, passing on the accumulated values from age to age, unlike Russian culture in this sense. V. Rozanov and V. Ern captured the images of Christian Italy. These representatives of the different poles of religious philosophy fully appreciated the value of a personal acquaintance with the Catholic culture and spoke about the insolvency of abstract theorizing about Catholicism. Rozanov made a number of discoveries that changed his old ideas of Catholicism and returned home as a "free Christian". Ern continued the Slavophile controversy with Catholicism using new arguments. The attraction of creative people to Italy is explained by the very nature of the culture of the Silver Age dominated by aesthetic values, universalism, the pursuit of broad cultural syntheses. The critical period, with its premonitions of disasters and its decadence mood, sought inspiration for its hopes for overcoming the crisis and a revival in the Italian culture. The religious-philosophical search, associated with the rethinking of the essence of Christianity, led to interest in Christian Italy, which formed new ideas about the similarities and differences between the Orthodox and the Catholic cultures.

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