Creation and development of a control system of elementary schools in the West Siberian educational district (1885-1917): historiography

The Directorate was an educational and administrative body in Russia which supervised primary schools. In the European part of the country first directorates appeared in 1874, in Western Siberia in 1900. The historiography of the question can be divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern; each period has research on primary education in the country in general and at the regional level. Authors of the pre-revolutionary period, N. V. Chekhov, G.A. Falbork, V. Charnolusky, S.V. Rozhdestvensky, A.N. Kulomzin, laid the foundation of the study of history of primary school of Russia, paid attention to the territorial part of the country and critically assessed activities of the government on education reforming. Works by K. Ramzevich, G.Ya. Malyarevsky, P.T. Vinogradov, A. Misyurev, A. P. Uspenskiy on the history of primary education in Western Siberia represent actual and statistical material, attempts of its systematization, analysis, judgment and scientific processing. Soviet researchers V.Z. Smirnov, N.A. Konstantinov, V.Ya. Struminsky and others negatively assessed activities of the government, pointed to its conservatism and unwillingness to consider the real needs of the country. Siberian scientists N.S. Yurtsovsky, F.F. Shamakhov, A.N. Kopylova, G. Novikova, authors of The History of Siberia, studied various questions of education, laid the foundation for development of a number of problems interesting for scientists today, showed transition to a qualitatively new level of historical research. Modern writers I.A. Solovkov, I.V. Fomichev, A.V. Ovchinnikov, V.F. Abramov and others analyze the legislative activity of the state in the educational sphere, study departmental attribution of educational institutions. Siberian scientists are engaged in a detailed study of various aspects of formation of the region. Authors A. A. Blinov, Yu.Yu. Gizey, I.S. Skovorodin and others pay attention to the problem of formation of the West Siberian educational district, to the level of education of Siberians, higher, secondary, primary, female education, education societies, separate types of educational institutions. In general, the topic of the history of education of the studied period is represented by rich actual material which was collected, published and interpreted. The questions connected with the higher, secondary, primary, female education are most fully described. But the system of school management in Western Siberia is mentioned only fragmentary, thus attention is paid to Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces. The study of primary education of Akmolinsky and Semipalatinsk oblasts has the greatest information vacuum, which today gives scholars opportunities for scientific research in this area.

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