The study of phenol electrooxidation in alkaline solution on glassy carbon electrode
Phenol and its derivatives are wide-spread pollutants of natural, waste- and drinking waters that are hazardous for humans; therefore, their determination is an important and urgent task. Hybrid instrumental methods are used to control the content of phenols in waste waters. Nowadays there are many reports on the variants of phenol determination by VA at different electrodes and use of specific organic substances allowing to accumulate phenol at the electrode surface, in order to increase sensitivity, or they use modified coal carbon paste electrodes. The existing voltamperometric techniques used to determine phenol are complicated by procedures of preparation (modification) of working electrodes and implementation of additional, generally rare reagents in background solution. Depending on the experimental conditions (pH, composition of the background solution, method of preliminary accumulation and other factors), the formation of quinones, catechol and other polyphenol oxidation products may be observed. The mechanism of phenol electrooxidation may vary not only for different background electrolytes, but also for different potential scan rates. Previously, the authors developed a method for voltammetric determination of low concentrations of phenol using glassy carbon electrode which does not require additional preparation for analysis. Analytical signal of phenol (peak current of electrooxidation) over glassy carbon electrode in the background of 0.003 M NaOH solution in differential mode is observed at a potential of 0.5-0.6 V. In this research in order to establish a mechanism of phenol electrooxidation in alkaline solution on glassy carbon electrode a complex approach representing a combination of electrochemistry and photoluminescence methods was used. The formation of an analytical signal occurs during the electrochemical accumulation at E = 0.0 V for 30 s and subsequent dissolution in the anodic potential sweep from 0.1 to 0.8 V. The anodic peak of phenol is also observed without accumulation, due to the adsorption of it on the electrode surface. This fact is confirmed by electron microscopic photographs of the surface of the electrode before and after phenol accumulation thereon. Solutions at different stages were analyzed by spectral photoluminescence technique. Cyclic voltammetry and spectrofluorometry found that the electrochemical reaction of phenol on the glassy carbon electrode in a solution of 0.003 M NaOH is preceded by a chemical reaction of ionization - CE-mechanism (chemical-electrochemical stage). It is proved that phenolate ion adsorbed on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode is oxidized to return a single electron to form an ionic form of hydroquinone. Ionic forms of hydroquinone and phenol in an alkaline solution are proved by spectro-photoluminescent method. Methods of determining phenol are suitable for use in the analysis of the tap water in the concentration range of 0.001-0.1 mg/dm without prior sample preparation in proposed conditions.
Keywords
вольтамперометрия,
фенол,
стеклоуглеродный электрод,
спектрофотолюминесценция,
voltammetry,
phenol,
a glassy carbon electrode,
photoluminescence spectroscopyAuthors
| Alekseenko Kira V. | Tomsk State University | chemist_84@mail.ru |
| Batalova Valentina N. | Tomsk State University | batvn@sibmail.com |
Всего: 2
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