Development of reading competence of future teachers: practice of pedagogical education of Western Siberia (the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)

In this article the author examines the issue which is relevant to the modern society: a lower interest in reading among children and youth. Based on the study of the research materials and results of sociological surveys, the following conclusion was made: the only way to change the readership culture of the younger generation is to bring up a reading teacher. There was made an attempt in the article to find interesting forms of reading competence formation in future teachers with the help of a retrospective analysis of the experience of teaching seminaries and institutes of Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The conducted research showed that regional teaching seminaries paid special attention to reading, and most of the students were graduates of rural vocational schools. Over the long history, seminaries of the region formed a system of measures aimed at the development of interest in reading: teachers made lists of books for extra-curricular reading of all Humanities; the professional responsibilities of seminary teachers included the control of students' independent reading. The analysis of archival materials showed that in the early 20th century there was a reduction of the level of general culture, which reflected the fact that pupils of teachers' seminaries read little or non-systematically, many of them were not familiar with the best works of the Russian and foreign literature. To change this situation, teachers suggested returning to the compilation of lists of books, and tighter control of extra-curricular reading. The most successful forms of appealing to reading and getting acquainted with the best works of literature among pupils of educational institutions were literary events, readings and discussions of the reading of books, compiling of programs for students' reading. A separate form of education, a means of readers' activity development pupils were involved in was their participation in the organization of people's readings with a magic lantern. The study of the historical experience of educational institutions of Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries shows that various forms of appealing future teachers to reading in the system of professional education helped to accomplish professional tasks. In modern society, the need for resuscitation of similar measures is conditioned by the development challenges of school graduates. Among them psychologists mention the difficulty in understanding the meaning of reading, rapid reading fatigue, etc. Despite the fact that appealing to reading has always been considered to be a task of family and school, professional and vocational education should use this way of educational influence, which will improve the overall and regional professional culture of teachers.

Keywords

Authors

References