Theoretical bases and approaches to the determination of foreign policy interests in the system of Central Asia

The foreign policy of actors of the international relations is one of the main indicators of their involvement in the international political processes. In the theory of international relations, there is a number of scientifically-theoretical schools and paradigms which investigate the foreign policy of the states through the prism of their own vision of the theory of international relations. In the article, the author touches on theoretical views and approaches in the definition of the foreign policy of such schools as liberalism, realism and Marxism. The thesis is provided in the article that the main instrument of the state's integration in the world system is its foreign policy which inherently is a link between the category "state" and the category "actor of the international system". It should be noted that today's tools for the identification of the unit of measure and the analysis of foreign policy activity of the states within the theory of international relations are not sufficiently developed. The article also considers the regional aspect of the foreign policy of the states of Central Asia. From the theoretical approach of the concept of a region, it should be noted that Central Asia possesses a number of characteristics inherent to regions within world politics; however, on the practical level, unfortunately, the Central Asia region has a range of versatile processes and tendencies which outweigh objective factors. It is related not only to the social and economic development of the countries, but also to political processes which happen in these states. It is a paradox that declaring the maximum openness for cooperation with the states of the world community, all of them are still closed for cooperation within the Central Asia region. Taking into consideration all the facts, it should be noted that, unfortunately, the Central Asian countries do not develop bilateral relations within the region The author puts emphasis on the position of the third countries in the geopolitical solitaire in Central Asia. The states of Central Asia are in a rather difficult situation: on the one hand, they have to be integrated independently into the new world system and strengthen their sovereignty; on the other hand, they have to find balance between the interests of such countries as the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, the USA. In the conclusion of the article, the author tells about the principle of convergence of realism and liberalism in the foreign policy line of the Central Asia states.

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