The formation and development of the Soviet Kazakhstan science

The article gives a brief outline of the history of the development of Kazakhstan scientific and educational institutions during the Soviet period. Based on the published materials of the Soviet authorities, the author traces the formation of scientific and educational institutions in the Kazakh SSR. The author notes that in Kazakhstan one of the main scientific organizations in the pre-revolutionary period was agricultural research stations. During the period in Almaty there opened the Pedagogical Institute named after Abay in 1928, the Veterinary and Zootechnical Institute in 1929, the Agriculture Institute in 1930, the Medical Institute in 1931, the Kazakh Mining and Metallurgical Institute and the Kazakh State University named after S.M. Kirov in 1934. On the territory of Kazakhstan scientific organizations were established, such as the Alma-Ata Fruit-Berry Station (1919), the Marginal Plant Protection Station (1924) and others. At the request of the Government of the Kazakh SSR on March 8, 1932, the Kazakhstan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was formed. During the Second World War many research institutions and universities of the country were evacuated to the republic. In June 1942, the Commission headed by President of the USSR Academy of Sciences Academician V.L. Komarov began to study the natural resources of Kazakhstan. Scientists of Kazakhstan made a significant contribution to the country's defense capability development during the Second World War, especially in the sphere of geology and metallurgy. On June 1, 1946, a meeting devoted to the opening of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences was held in the Abay Opera House in Alma-Ata. In the 1950s-1970s, new institutions in different research areas opened. The Astrophysical Institute and the Institute of Physics and Technology of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences opened in 1950, the Institute of Economics in 1952, the Institute of Petroleum opened in 1956 on the basis of the Ural-Emba Research Center of the KazSSR AS, the Institute of Regional Pathology opened in 1956, too. In the 1980s-1990s and until the collapse of the USSR the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan operated actively and performed its tasks. Major scientific forces also concentrated in the 55 higher education institutions of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Professional Education. In the 1990s Kazakhstan had 279 research institutions, including branches and independent laboratories of research institutes and universities subordinate to the Soviet Union. The number of workers engaged in the main scientific and technical activities amounted to 50.6 thousand people. The author notes the great role of the Academician K.I. Satpaev in the development of science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the important role of scientists from the other Soviet republics. The author concludes that during the 70 years of the Soviet Kazakh SSR there was formed a net of scientific and educational institutions which corresponded to the level of its time, and was one of the best Asian research-educational systems.

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