Factors determining the features of the oral speech of the interrogated: the identity of the interrogated and the situation of interrogation

One of the challenges the investigator faces in the production of interrogation is the study of the individual being interrogated and establishing psychological contact with them. The article indicates two main factors that determine the characteristics of the testimony of the interrogated: the personality of the interrogated and the situation of interrogation. Interrogation is characterized by conflict and stress by nature. Even diligent persons feels anxiety during interrogation as they will have to answer questions, they prepare for the fact that the investigator will suppress their will, although this is not true. In this regard, it is important for the investigator to know the features of the speech of an interrogated person; its analysis will help determine the typological features of the person. The author considers tactical and forensic features of interrogation. They include the complexity of interrogation as a process of obtaining the testimony of a person having information relevant to the case under investigation; the conflict nature of interrogation; the need for the production of the considered communicative investigative action within certain stages; the active nature of interrogation. The article focuses on the specifics of the approach to the interrogated person as an object of forensic investigation, the need for a typological approach in the production of interrogation. The main approach to the study of the speech of the interrogated became that of orientation of the person by Jung and that of accented personalities by K. Leonhard. The need to use the typological approach is conditioned by the fact that during interrogation, in order to increase its effectiveness, the investigator must obtain information about the psychological traits that characterize the behavior of the person being interrogated to personalize the establishment of a psychological contact and predict the future behavior of the interrogated. Using the typology of accented personalities by practitioners of law enforcement agencies during interrogation will improve its effectiveness. Having an idea about the features of speech of each psychological type, the investigator will be able to compare them with the speech of the interrogated person and, therefore, choose the right tactics for further interrogation and behavior during investigative actions, as well as ensure the accuracy of information obtained in the course of the investigative action. The typological approach is widely represented in the study of forensic scientists, including the Tomsk school, indicating the continuity of research and a systematic approach to the study of the personality of the interrogated person.

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