The rear medicine 70 years later: medical care in evacuation hospitals of Udmurtia

The article summarizes the experience of the medical service in the rear of the front during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 based on the evacuation hospitals located in Udmurtia. The authors analyzed a large factual material comprising 13 sources cited, 6 of which are authentic archival documents. Quoting archival documents creates a distinct and impressive view of the difficult working and living conditions of workers of evacuation hospitals, and of their overcoming the physical, moral and material difficulties of the period. Sections of the article concerning the work of evacuation hospitals are logically identified: organization of work, treatment and rehabilitation activities, research and practical work, effectiveness of the results related to the activities of evacuation hospitals. Organization of evacuation hospitals was clearly centralized by management authorities: their material resources, human and material support, accounting and cost control and, most importantly, the quality and effectiveness of treatment were detailed. Each incoming wounded and sick person was taken into account, their health condition was tracked. Treatment and rehabilitation activities of each evacuation hospital was under strict control, regular reports on the number of the cured, the dead, the demobilized wounded were made. Scientific, methodological work based on a synthesis of the huge, compared to peacetime, and diverse practical material was actively implemented in the form of the publication of articles, tutorials, innovation proposals and others. The effectiveness of the evacuation hospitals in Udmurtia is estimated higher than the national average for the same performance (in %): the wounded returned to the army, dismissed / demobilized, total mortality. The results of activities related to evacuation hospitals work is a kind of a conclusion of the article. The authors single out the following leading causes of good performance: the human factor, i.e. the high responsibility and performance discipline in general, and, more importantly, the scientific authority of the leading medical specialists of evacuation hospitals which is based on a large practical experience and initiative, broad introduction of more effective treatment methods.

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