Features of labor migration in Central Asia (on the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan)

This article examines the problems of external labor migration from the countries of Central Asia to Russia, its social and economic consequences. Modern external labor migration as a whole is beneficial to the countries of Central Asia; it remains the only possible solution to many of the acute social and economic problems of the countries of the region. In general, for Russia there are more positive sides in the influx of labor migrants from Central Asia than negative ones: a cheap labor force is pouring into the economy of the country; demographic problems are being solved, etc. Migration of the population was and remains the most important line of the general demographic processes in any state. One of the major regions where the colossal masses of the population were put into motion in connection with the disintegration of the USSR were Central Asia and Kazakhstan, more recently called "Central Asia". The scale of intercountry migration flows are predetermined by a combination of such factors in the emigration region as unemployment, population growth, poverty, economic stagnation, and in the immigration region - labor shortages, rapid economic growth and employment growth. The focus is on labor migration in Central Asia and Russia. The article describes the main trends that emerged in the 2000s, then separate sections on the difficulties faced by migrants. Remittances grew in the 2000s, when the construction sector grew rapidly both in Russia and in Kazakhstan. The remittances of migrants constitute a significant share of the GDP of the sending country. The quality of life of the mass segments of the population of the countries of Central Asia lags far behind those in other states of the post-Soviet space. At present, the main push factor of migration is the extremely difficult economic situation in the republics of Central Asia. Currently, the countries of the region have a real opportunity to improve their financial situation through the export of labor. The experience of many countries shows the real possibilities of labor migrants for improving the economic situation of the country, raising the standard of living of a significant part of the population. Labor migration of the population is a real way to avoid a social explosion due to the impoverishment of the population. Thus, labor migration has many positive and negative consequences. Mass labor migration reduces tensions in the national labor markets of Central Asian countries. The income of labor migrants increases the standard of living of the population, improves the balance of payments of the countries of Central Asia. External labor migration as a whole is beneficial to the countries of Central Asia; it remains the only possible solution to many acute social and economic problems.

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