The theory of Jewish conspiracy and its transformation during two Russian revolutions

The article deals with the strategy for transforming the idea of the "Jewish conspiracy" and the role of the revolution of 1917 in this process. The aim of the authors is a comparison of the degree of ideas development before the revolution and after the October revolution. The idea of the "Jewish conspiracy" contained in the documents of the radical right organizations of the imperial Russia reflects the perception of this "threat" in the form in which it was popular and claimed at the time. For ideologists of the Black-Hundred movement, the "conspiracy" was seen as a phenomenon within Russia, and the documents of these organizations do not mention the desire of the Jews for world hegemony. The program of the Union of the Russian People, the most numerous of the Black-Hundred organizations, like other documents of conservative associations does not contain a clearly defined concept of an "international conspiracy", but is limited to "local" accusations of the Jewish population of the empire. In the future, the situation changed. To learn these changes, the authors analyzed the sources of a later period. The events that took place in Russia in 1917, like other social cataclysms of Europe of the same period, began to be perceived by the Russian radicals as a "product of the international Jewish conspiracy". Emigrants of the first wave, leaving the Bolshevik Russia for political reasons, wrote on this theme. Among them are General of the Emperor's army A.D. Nechvolodov, one of the heads of the Main Council of the Union of the Russian People Prince N.E. Markov and N.D. Zhevakhov, a well-known public and political figure. Moving to the countries of Europe, they brought the idea of a "conspiracy of the world scale", bringing in their personal experience. The authors explored their books to find a conspiracy substratum. Their works contain all attributes of the "Jewish conspiracy" idea against humanity: existence of a "secret world government" that has a plan for the destruction of civilization through wars and revolutions. In the future, these ideas have developed, being popular to this day. At the end of the article, the authors concluded about the most important role of revolution in the idea of "international Jewish conspiracy". Karl Popper's "conspiracy theory" from the second part of his book The Open Society and Its Enemy is the methodological basis of the article. In addition, the authors make a reflection in the course of which the indenti-fy "international Jewish conspiracy" as a form of antisemitic conceptualization. This form was popular in the modern era.

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