Methods of museum management and their application in Russian museums

In this article, the author examines the methods of museum management and their application in museums in Russia. The author of the article analyzed the works of D. McGregor, L.E. Vostryakova, A.V. Smurova, Yu.A. Polyakova and A.A. Kildyusheva, which allowed distinguishing the administrative, economic and socio-psychological methods. The author used historical sources such as legislative acts, sources of personal origin, documentary publications and electronic sources. The analysis and generalization of source information and information of predecessors in the study of the topic carried out by the author ensured a historical reconstruction of the application of the administrative method in the museum business. This method was used in the 1930s and 1940s to subordinate museums to administrative control by state government. The administrative method provides a quick solution to the planned tasks, and therefore finds application in our days. Modern legislation on Russian museums includes measures of administrative influence on museum employees. The article shows that the administrative method contained elements of the economic method for a long time. Since the early 1990s, the economic method has become mandatory in museum management in Russia. It took place in the system of remuneration of museum employees. Thus, there were criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the work of employees in the museum of Kandalaksha, and those criteria had two parts, they included salary and bonus payments. Along with the administrative and economic methods in modern Russian museums, the socio-psychological method is applied. In the article, the author says that some elements of this method were used at the beginning of the 20th century. The prominent Russian museologist N.M. Mogilyansky wrote about this. According to the works of modern researchers of the museum business, it can be concluded that the socio-psychological method finds application in the museums of Moscow and Omsk State Universities. In Russian museums, commemorative practices are applied, exhibitions are organized, conferences and seminars are organized, intermuseum communications are realized. Due to the introduction of these forms and directions of the socio-psychological method, they increase the self-esteem of museum workers, help in solving important tasks of museum management. In conclusion, the author of the article makes a provision that in Russian museums at the recent stage of their development a set of the analyzed methods is used, and this circumstance undoubtedly improves their work.

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