The "soft infrastructure" of Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore in the field of science and education on human resources attracting

The author of the article investigates such Asia-Pacific new industrial countries (NICs) as Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore. Analyzing such factors as creating the knowledge-based society and knowledge-based economy, the author pays special attention to the development of "soft infrastructure" for attracting human resources, depending on the needs of the society and external competitiveness. Most of the Asia-Pacific fast-developing new industrial countries of both the first (South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan) and the second (Malaysia, Thailand) waves came out of the Asian crisis of 1997-1998 easily enough. In many respects, it was due not so much to the help of international financial institutions, except Malaysia, which alone was getting out of the crisis, but to concrete government actions in these countries. After the crisis of 1997, Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore deliberately moved to build a high-tech economy, based on knowledge and innovation. The technological development of these countries now is much more than a mere adaptation or imitation of existing technologies. In this regard, government courses of these regional NICs on the development of national innovation systems have become more elaborate. This has contributed to improving the competitiveness of Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore innovative capacity and greater integration into the world economy as the major centers of science and technology not only in the Asia-Pacific region, but also in the world. In these countries, with the development of knowledge-based industries, the role of research institutes undertaking applied research and the value of educational institutions conducting basic research were increasing. Close cooperation between science and industry led to a change in the structure and nature of the economy, increasingly dependent on new knowledge and ideas. The formation of knowledge-based society and knowledge-based economy relied on highly trained competitive professionals, which was directly connected with how competitive the national education system is and how internationalized it is in the global world. Taiwan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore sought to develop not only the talents within the country, but also to attract talented young people, technicians, academics from all over the world through favorable conditions and economic proposals. For this, special state bodies and institutions were established.

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