Development of feministic ideas within the Neo-Kantian direction of the Russian sociology of the 19th - early 20th centuries: Lev Petrazhitsky, Veniamin Khvostov

Based on the analysis of primary sources, the article discusses the study of the "women's issue" in the works of well-known lawyers, representatives of the Neo-Kantian direction of the Russian sociology of the 19th - early 20th centuries Lev Petrazhitsky (1867-1931) and Veniamin Khvostov. The "women's issue" as a complex of social problems, especially actively developed in the framework of feministic sociology, is an object of research in the modern western and domestic scientific thought. Now the subject area of feminist sociology is being developed, discussed and criticized. It is thought that this issue first arises in the Western European social thought. In this article the author pays attention to the fact that the problem of women's position attracted keen interest of representatives of the most different directions of sociological science in Russia during its formation. The statement of the problem of inequality, overcoming of women's dependence, women's provision with rights in Russia differs from that in the West. The differences are caused by the historical and social development of society, formation of a system of law and religious consciousness. One of the most pressing and the least studied issues is consideration of the prospects of the birth of feminist ideas within Neo-Kantianism schools of Russian sociology. The author comes to a conclusion that the Neo-Kantian direction in sociology, the leading role in which belonged to academic lawyers and historians, led to a reorientation of the social thought in general and helped to open new opportunities for the development of scientific knowledge and transformation of social relations. One of the most important problems of these public relations was the problem of women's position. Petrazhitsky and Khvostov raise a number of important issues in the development of the problem, the possibility of a radical change in women in connection with a change in the conditions of life and activities in particular. Under the influence of progressive thinkers Petrazhitsky and Khvostov the view on social reality in general changes.

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