To the history of identifying ethnographic petroglyphs on the territory of the Minusinsk Basin

In this article, the history of identification of ethnographic petroglyphs on the territory of the Minusinsk Basin, mainly attributed to Khakass ones, is considered. Three periods are distinguished in the history of the study of rock paintings of the Khakass: pre-revolutionary (the 18th - first quarter of the 20th centuries), characterized by the initial accumulation of knowledge about Khakass pisanitsas and the discovery of new monuments of folk art of the Khakass. At this stage, a significant contribution was made by such researchers as D.G. Messerschmidt, D.A. Klements, A. V. Adrianov, who laid a solid foundation for further study of this layer of images. The Soviet stage (1917-1991), due to its peculiarity, can be divided into two parts. In the first part, chronologically limited to 1917 - mid-1950s, one can say that researchers, in particular ethnographers, did not pay attention to the data and works of their predecessors. The second chronological period (late 1950s - early 1990s) differs significantly from the previous one: there is a revival of interest in the art of the ethnographic time, the emergence of many works related to the rock art of the Khakass. A large-scale scientific study of the monuments of the Minusinsk Basin of not only the period under investigation, but also an earlier time began. The Khakass archaeological expedition of Moscow State University headed by L.R. Kyzlasov systematically and scrupulously explored the monuments of the Minusinsk Basin for twenty years (1958-1979), as well as the Petroglyphic Detachment of Kemerovo State University headed by B.N. Pyatkin. The modern period (since 1991) can be characterized by the continuation of works on studying not only images of ethnographic modernity, but also earlier periods. A feature of this period is the widespread use of computer technologies by researchers, which undoubtedly facilitated the processing and introduction into scientific circulation of previously unknown images of the Khakass. In conclusion, the author states that the history of the study of rock art monuments of the ethnographic time, in particular the Khakass, has been going on for more than a century. However, the identification and presentation of them in a separate chronological line occurred only in the middle of the 20th century. The activities of all the above-mentioned researchers and expeditions have made an invaluable contribution to a new direction in archeology - petroglyphology. A new layer of images was introduced into science, thanks to which it is possible to reconstruct the image and outlook of the peoples of the Minusinsk Basin.

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