On the etymology of Russian dialectal tyukha (da) matyukha, tyukha (da) pantyukha (da kolupay s bratom) and others

The article refers to an etymological and motivational analysis of some Russian dialect words, which are included in rhymed word combinations and idioms created on their basis: tyukha (da) matyukha, tyukha (da) pantyukha (da kolupay s bratom) and others. I.A. Podukov and E.N. Svalova bring tyukha in correlation with tyukhat' [to go slowly] (Perm region), but lingvo-geographical data are evidence of the fact that the basic stem came in the Perm dialects with the noun tyukha, together with the pair combination. The attraction of the stem tyukha to a homonymous diminutive form of a personal name (from Artyukha < Artyom; Evstyukha < Evstafiy/Evstigney; Matyukha < Matvey; Ustyukha < Ustin/Ustina, and so on) is possible, but not compulsory, and, most likely, takes place in combination with the lexemes matyukha and pantyukha, which are also homonymous with diminutive forms of personal names (or their derivatives). On the contrary, the version of verbal origins of the lexeme matyukha, rhymed with tyukha, is arguable (from matyukhat'sya [to loiter in work], Perm region). Perhaps, it is a common noun, formed from tyukha by means of reduplication and the prefix ma- (compare with tyapalo-matyapalo, Arkhangelsk region, when there is only tyapalo), or a personal name (diminutive from Matvey), rhymed with tyukha. Concerning the word pantyukha, correlating with popular and dialectal pentyukh, the author supports J. J. Varbot, who think of these words as Polonisms, the adaptation of which in the Russian language was favored by a homonymous personal name Panteleymon (Penteleymon). Taking into account the word pantd (Vyatka region) [about a muddle-headed, forgetful person] (frompantdt' [to walk with difficulty after an illness], linked with Polishpqtac [to hobble (a horse)]), the lexeme pantyukh is interpreted as a derivative with the suffix -(')ukh, which replaced the stem due to its more pronounced expressiveness. The small size of the area of the word pantd can be explained not only by its poor preservation, but also by the fact that it could be overlooked on other territories. Thereby the Arkhangelsk lexeme pantd ("a nickname") from the Dictionary of the Dialects of the Russian North ("Akh ty glupaya panta, vsyo vryosh' i vryosh' ") is especially valuable. The verbal nouns kolupay, kovyryay and voropay from the second part of this combination, created by means of an inaccurate reduplication of the idiom, are also of interest. Taking into account their frequency and geography, the common noun kolupay [a sluggish, slow person] can be identified as the main component and the synonym to the words tyukha and pantyukha. In the same row with the lexemes tyukha, -matyukha, pantyukha, kolupay, we see the word brat [brother], which attests not the consanguinity, but the similarity of the people whom the idiom refers to (compare with popular vash (nash, svoy) brat [your (our, one's) brother]). The attraction to a personal name and their expressive variations make for the appearance of other pair words (names) in the frames of the structural model X + Y da kolupay s bratom: van'ka s man'koy ("pure" derivatives from personal names), proshka, eroshka shosha da matosha (most likely, quasi-names, created by means of attraction to diminutive forms of the corresponding personal names).

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