On the issue of fourto six-year-old children's preparedness to master applied gymnastic exercises

The consequence of progressive development of gymnastics is acceleration of athletes' training process, namely, improvement of sport training technology. In this regard, at the stage of initial training, a wide range of vital motor skills, various special basic movements should be formed. Foundation of physical preparedness for mastering complex motor skills at a subsequent stage is created. The problem of the research is the lack of knowledge on four- to six-year-old children's preparedness to master basic elements of gymnastics. The aim of the study is to establish preparedness of children to perform gymnastic elements. Methods and organization of research are theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature on the research problem; pedagogical testing; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Testing was conducted from August to October 2017 on the basis of the Budgetary Institution of Preschool Education of Specialized Children's Youth Olympic Reserve School No. 25 in Omsk. 20 children aged four to six of sport and health groups (14 girls and 6 boys) took part in the study. In the course of the study, pedagogical testing of motor, special-motor, physical and functional-motor preparedness of children was conducted according to the Federal Standard of Sport Training in Artistic Gymnastics. In order to obtain a more complete understanding of formation of vital motor skills, and development of more complex applied gymnastic skills in future, an additional study of motor, physical and functional-motor preparedness was carried out according to the method of A.I. Kravchuk. The following conclusions were made: (1) the individual state of general and special physical preparedness of children aged four to six has revealed absence of a normative level in all indicators, the consequence of which is the impossibility of their enrollment in initial training groups; (2) the study of the vital motor skills formation, the level of basic physical qualities and functional and motor abilities development have revealed that more than half of all boys and girls have no age level in 12 indicators out of 15; (3) the analysis of the mean group values of the studied indicators revealed a lack of significant differences between four-year-old boys and girls in six movements, in six qualities and in two functional-motor abilities; in five-year-old children in five movements, four qualities; in six-year-old boys and girls reliable distinctions were absent in all movements, one quality; (4) the findings indicate the need to divide children into three groups (group I -boys aged five to six, group II - girls aged five, group III - girls aged six) with planning of individual training assignments in order to create environmental conditions for vital motor skills formation.

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