Psychological follow-up of athletes' training in aerobic gymnastics

The aim of the study is to identify the psychological state of the members of the Russian national team in sports aerobics to develop recommendations for the psychological follow-up of the training of high class aerobists. In connection with the steady increase in the requirements for the level of physical, technical and tactical preparedness, and complexity of competitive programs, an important role in the process of training high class aerobists belongs to the psychological follow-up of sports activities. Following G.D. Gorbunov, N.B. Istanbul, V.G. Sivitsky, E.E. Khvatskaya, psychological follow-up of sports activities is a systemic activity of studying the psychological and pedagogical status of an athlete and the dynamics of his/her mental state, creation of favorable socio-psychological conditions for training, development and correction of the features and qualities of the athlete's personality. A survey of elite aerobists was conducted from January to November 2017 at training camps in Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Moscow, Wroclaw (Poland), during the preparatory and competitive stages. In the course of the research, the authors worked out and introduced a technique of ideomotor training for aerobists, following which athletes confidently, unhinderedly and cost-effectively performed an element from the competitive program. The authors suppose that to perform elements of great complexity at a high level, it is necessary: (1) to set a motor task by applying the actualization of personal senses of the exercise; (2) to create an ideal mental image of the technique of a motor action (MA) execution through the creation of its orienting basis for three images: logical, visual and motor; (3) to pronounce the algorithm for performing MA with an emphasis on the main reference points (from 3 to 7 units), i.e. to prepare a verbal formula, at least for the main elements of the program: "I can . . . step . . . jump . . . feet straight . . . maximal jump upwards . . . turn . . . shoulders down . . . legs up . . . turn . . . catch before . . . landing . . . keep prone support . . . there, done"; (4) to visually reproduce MA with an emphasis on the main support points; (5) to mentally execute MA by virtually connecting the motor component with an emphasis on the main support points, i.e. to attach a muscular-motor image to the logical and visual ones, i.e. to make the muscle groups that will be involved in the performance of the element in real practice work; (6) to repeatedly mentally repeat the exercise, gradually turning off the detailed orienting basis of MA from control over all parameters and all points of motion to control over the main support points, and then with control at the beginning and the end of MA; (7) to analyze and assess one's own MA implementation with subsequent error correction. The results of the research made it possible to create model characteristics of the elite athletes of aerobic gymnastics, which were taken as a basis for one of the blocks of a computer program of probabilistic modeling of the training process.

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